頂囊蕨
外观
(重定向自庫氏裸蕨)
顶囊蕨属![]() | |
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頂囊蕨的復原圖 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 链型植物 Streptophyta |
演化支: | 膜生植物 Phragmoplastophyta |
演化支: | 有胚植物 Embryophyta |
总门: | 多孢植物总门 Polysporangiomorpha |
属: | †顶囊蕨属 Cooksonia Lang, 1937 emend. Gonez & Gerrienne, 2010[3] non Druce 1905 |
種 | |
頂囊蕨(學名:Cooksonia),又名庫氏裸蕨、庫克遜蕨、光蕨,是一屬已滅絕的原始陸生有胚植物,也是最早期的有胚植物之一,最早出現在古生代志留紀。其殘體的化石常被發現於淺海或河流三角洲的沉積岩中。[4]
特徵
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cooksonia.png/150px-Cooksonia.png)
目前我們僅知道頂囊蕨的孢子體階段。它們的个体纤细,直径约2mm、高约10cm。結構簡單,未發現有根、花及葉片[1],莖具有維管組織。枝條有Y形分叉,最簡單的標本只由一至二個分叉組成,但也有發現有五、六層分叉的個體。每條分差的末梢上有一短且寬的孢子囊,呈喇叭形、橢圓形或腎形,內含有許多具抵抗性孢衣的孢子。[4]
物種
[编辑]- Cooksonia pertoni
- Cooksonia paranensis
由於標本保存較差,以下五個物種的確定性是存疑的,但目前仍被歸於本屬之下:
- Cooksonia acuminata
- Cooksonia bohemica
- Cooksonia cambrensis
- Cooksonia downtonensis
- Cooksonia rusanovii
以下四個物種現時已被置入其他屬之下或已廢棄。
- C. hemisphaerica Lang, 1937
- C. crassiparietilis Yurina, 1964
- C. caledonica Edwards, 1970 = Aberlemnia caledonica (Edwards, 1970) Gonez & Gerrienne, 2010[5]
- C. banksii Habgood et al., 2002 = Concavatheca banksii (Habgood, Edwards & Axe, 2002) Morris et al., 2012b
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 C. Kevin Boyce. How green was Cooksonia? The importance of size in understanding the early evolution of physiology in the vascular plant lineage. Paleobiology. 2008, 34 (2): 179-194 [2009-11-01]. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2008)034[0179:HGWCTI]2.0.CO;2. (原始内容存档于2011-07-26).
- ^ D. Edwards. Records of Cooksonia-type sporangia from late Wenlock strata in Ireland. Nature. 1980, 287: 41-42. doi:10.1038/287041a0.
- ^ Gonez, P. & Gerrienne, P., A New Definition and a Lectotypification of the Genus Cooksonia Lang 1937, International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2010a, 171 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1086/648988
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 289. ISBN 0789489848.
- ^ Gonez, P. & Gerrienne, P., Aberlemnia caledonica gen. et comb. nov., a new name for Cooksonia caledonica Edwards 1970, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2010b, 163 (1–2): 64–72, doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.09.005
外部連結
[编辑]- https://web.archive.org/web/20051111142134/http://palaeos.com/Plants/Rhyniophytes/Cooksonia.html
- http://www.xs4all.nl/~steurh/engcook/ecooks.html (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/IB181/VPL/Elp/Elp1.html (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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