法西战争 (1635年—1659年)
（重定向自法西战争 (1635年)）
| 法西戰爭 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 法國-哈布斯堡對抗的一部分 | |||||||
 法蘭西王國與西班牙哈布斯堡（紅）、奧地利哈布斯堡（黃）同盟作戰 | |||||||
| |||||||
| 参战方 | |||||||
| 指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||
|
法國： 約100,000–125,000人[1][註 5] |
西班牙： 約200,000人（1640年）[4] | ||||||
| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||
|
法國： 約200,000-300,000人傷亡[5] |
西班牙： 未知 | ||||||
法西戰爭戰爭是1635年至1659年欧洲地區發生的大規模衝突，交戰雙方分別是法蘭西王國與哈布斯堡王朝統治的諸國家。第一階段始於1635年5月，結束於1648年的《威斯特伐利亚和约》，與三十年戰爭同期發生。第二階段則持續至《庇里牛斯山脈條約》簽訂。此戰後，法國取代西班牙成為歐洲霸主，而西班牙帝國雖實力下滑，仍維持其全球帝國。
瑞典與神聖羅馬帝國尋求賠款之後，法國首相黎塞留向西班牙宣戰，因為法國領土被哈布斯堡王朝包圍，成為法國稱霸的最大障礙。這場衝突是法國對三十年戰爭的目標的延續，法軍很快入侵意大利北部，佔領西班牙哈布斯堡的領土，西班牙節節敗退。
西戰爭於1659年在《比利牛斯條約》的簽訂下結束，法國得到比利牛斯山脈，並稱霸歐洲。
註釋
[编辑]註腳
[编辑]- ^ Chartrand（2019年），第33-34页
- ^ Chartrand（2019年），第33页
- ^ Chartrand（2019年），第24页
- ^ Clodfelter（2008年），第39页
- ^ Wilson（2009年），第790页
參考文獻
[编辑]- Barrett, John. Better Begging than Fighting: The Royalist Army in exile in the war against Cromwell 1656–1660 2016. Helion Publishing. 2015. ISBN 978-1910777725.
- Bely, Lucien. Asbach, Olaf; Schröder, Peter , 编. France and the Thirty Years War in The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years' War. Ashgate. 2014. ISBN 978-1409406297.
- Black, Jeremy. European Warfare, 1494–1660 (Warfare and History). Routledge. 2002. ISBN 978-0415275316.
- Black, Jeremy. A Military Revolution?: Military Change and European Society, 1550–1800 (Studies in European history). Palgrave. 1991. ISBN 978-0333519066.
- Black, Jeremy. The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe. Donald. 1987. ISBN 978-0859761680.
- Bodart, Gaston. Losses of Life in Modern Wars, Austria-Hungary; France 2016. Wentworth Press. 1916. ISBN 978-1371465520.
- Bromley, JS. Corsairs and Navies, 1600–1760. Continnuum-3PL. 1987. ISBN 978-0907628774.
- Chartrand, René. The Armies and Wars of the Sun King 1643–1715. Volume 1: The Guard of Louis XIV. Solihull: Helion & Company Limited. 2019. ISBN 978-1911628606.
- Clodfelter, Micheal. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 2017. McFarland. 2008. ISBN 978-0786474707.
- Costa, Fernando Dores. Interpreting the Portuguese War of Restoration (1641–1668) in a European Context. Journal of Portuguese History. 2005, 3 (1).
- Darby, Graham. Spain in the Seventeenth Century. Routledge. 2015. ISBN 978-1138836440.
- Davenport, Frances Gardiner; Paullin, Charles Oscar (编). European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies, Vol. 2: 1650–1697 2018. Forgotten Books. 1917. ISBN 978-0483158924.
- Durant, Ariel; Durant, Will. Age of Louis XIV (Story of Civilization). TBS Publishing. 1963. ISBN 0207942277.
- Ekberg, Carl J. Abel Servien, Cardinal Mazarin, and the Formulation of French Foreign Policy, 1653–1659. The International History Review. 1981, 3 (3): 317–329. JSTOR 40105147. doi:10.1080/07075332.1981.9640251.
- Hanlon, Gregory. The Twilight Of A Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts, 1560–1800. Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1138158276.
- Hanlon, Gregory. The Hero of Italy: Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, his Soldiers, and his Subjects in the Thirty Years' War. Routledge. 2014. ISBN 978-0199687244.
- Hayden, J Michael. Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French Foreign Policy, 1598–1615. The Journal of Modern History. 1973, 45 (1): 1–23. JSTOR 1877591. S2CID 144914347. doi:10.1086/240888.
- Inglis Jones, James John. The Grand Condé in exile; Power politics in France, Spain and the Spanish Netherlands, 1652–1659 (PDF) (学位论文). Oxford University. 1994.
- Israel, Jonathan. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806. Clarendon Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0198730729.
- Israel, Jonathan. Elliott, John , 编. Spain in the Low Countries, (1635–1643) in Spain, Europe and the Atlantic: Essays in Honour of John H. Elliott. Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0521470452.
- Jensen, De Lamar. The Ottoman Turks in Sixteenth Century French Diplomacy. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 1985, 16 (4): 451–470. JSTOR 2541220. doi:10.2307/2541220.
- Kamen, Henry. Spain's Road to Empire 2003. Allen Lane. 2002. ISBN 978-0140285284.
- Knox, Bill. Tucker, Spencer , 编. The 1635 Treaty of Prague; a failed settlement? in Enduring Controversies in Military History, Volume I: Critical Analyses and Context. Greenwood Press. 2017. ISBN 978-1440841194.
- Levy, Jack. War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495–1975 2015. University of Kentucky. 1983. ISBN 081316365X.
- Luard, Evan. War in International Society: A Study in International Sociology. Tauris. 1986. ISBN 978-1850430124.
- Lynch, Jack. Spain Under the Habsburgs: Vol. 11 Spain and America 1598–1700. Basil Blackwell. 1969.
- Lynn, John A. Recalculating French Army Growth during the Grand Siecle, 1610–1715. French Historical Studies. 1994, 18 (4): 881–906. JSTOR 286722. doi:10.2307/286722.
- Mackay, Ruth. The Limits of Royal Authority: Resistance and Obedience in Seventeenth-Century Castile. Cambridge University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0521643436.
- Maland, David. Europe in the Seventeenth Century 1983. Palgrave. 1966. ISBN 978-0333335741.
- Mitchell, Andrew Joseph. Religion, revolt, and creation of regional identity in Catalonia, 1640–1643 (学位论文). Ohio State University. 2005 [2021-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-24）.
- Ortiz, Antonio Domínguez. La sociedad española en el siglo XVII, vol. I. Editorial Universidad de Granada. 1970. ISBN 978-8433816771. 已忽略未知参数
|lang=（建议使用|language=） (帮助) - Parker, Geoffrey. The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road 1567–1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries' Wars. Cambridge University Press. 1972. ISBN 978-0521084628.
- Parrott, David. Richelieu's Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624–1642. Cambridge University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0521792097.
- Parrott, David. France's War against the Habsburgs, 1624–1659: the Politics of Military Failure. García Hernan, Enrique; Maffi, Davide (编). Guerra y Sociedad en La Monarquía Hispánica: Politica, Estrategia y Cultura en la Europa Moderna (1500–1700). Laberinto. 2006. ISBN 978-8400084912.
- Poot, Anton. Crucial years in Anglo-Dutch relations (1625–1642): the political and diplomatic contacts. Uitgeverij Verloren. 2013. ISBN 978-9087043803.
- Paoletti, Ciro. A Military History of Italy. Praeger Publishers Inc. 2007. ISBN 978-0275985059.
- Quainton, C Eden. Colonel Lockhart and the Peace of the Pyrenees. Pacific Historical Review. 1935, 4 (3): 267–280. JSTOR 3633132. doi:10.2307/3633132.
- Riches, Daniel. Protestant Cosmopolitanism and Diplomatic Culture: Brandenburg-Swedish Relations in the Seventeenth Century (Northern World). Brill. 2012. ISBN 978-9004240797.
- Schneid, Frederick C. The Projection and Limitations of Imperial Powers, 1618–1850. Brill. 2012. ISBN 978-9004226715.
- Serra, Eva. The Treaty of the Pyrenees, 350 Years Later. Catalan Historical Journal. 2008, 1 (1). doi:10.2436/20.1000.01.6.
- Stradling, RA. Spain's Struggle For Europe, 1598–1668. Hambledon Press. 1994. ISBN 978-1852850890.
- Stradling, Robert. Castrophe and Recovery: The Defeat of Spain, 1639–43. History. 1979, 64 (11): 205–219. JSTOR 24411536. doi:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1979.tb02059.x.
- Sutherland, NM. The Origins of the Thirty Years War and the Structure of European Politics. English Historical Review. 1992, 107 (424).
- Tucker, Spencer C. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East II. ABC-CLIO. 2011.
- Van Gelderen, Martin. Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe: A Shared European Heritage Volume I. Cambridge University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0521802031.
- Van Nimwegen, Olaf. Asbach, Olaf; Schröder, Peter , 编. The Dutch-Spanish War in the Low Countries 1621–1648 in The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years' War. Ashgate. 2014. ISBN 978-1409406297.
- Wedgwood, CV. The Thirty Years War 2005. New York Review of Books. 1938. ISBN 978-1590171462.
- White, Lorraine. The Experience of Spain's Early Modern Soldiers: Combat, Welfare and Violence. War in History. 2002, 9 (1): 1–38. PMID 20191681. doi:10.1191/0968344502wh248oa.
- Wilson, Charles. Transformation of Europe, 1558–1648. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd. 1976. ISBN 978-0297770152.
- Wilson, Peter. Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War. Allen Lane. 2009. ISBN 978-0713995923.
- Bodart, Gaston. Losses of Life in Modern Wars, Austria-Hungary; France. Wentworth Press. 2016. ISBN 978-1371465520.
- Clodfelter, Michael. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 4. McFarland & Company. 2017. ISBN 978-0786474707.