蚌科
外观
蚌科 | |
---|---|
The shell of a duck mussel, Anodonta anatina | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
纲: | 双壳纲 Bivalvia |
目: | 蚌目 Unionida |
科: | 蚌科 Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820[1] |
屬 | |
蚌科(學名:Unionidae),又名石蛤科或珠蚌科,是軟体動物門雙殼綱古異齒類一個淡水生的物種分支,也是現時蚌目之內最大的一個科[1][2],蚌總科之下四個科之一[3]。受生長地帶所限,本科物種的分佈往往受地緣因素限制。
分類
[编辑]由於淡水蚌类存在趋同演化现象,致使依靠物種間的型態特徵的分类存在许多争议[4]。
亞科
[编辑]在華文文獻,本科被劃分為三個亞科,分別如下[5]:
- 珠蚌亚科:包括有珠蚌属、楔蚌属、裂脊蚌属、尖丽蚌属、矛蚌属、尖嵴蚌属,例如鱼尾楔蚌、圆顶珠蚌、短褶矛蚌、中国尖嵴蚌等。
- 无齿蚌亚科:過往只有无齿蚌属,例如:椭圆背角无齿蚌[5],但現時這個屬已分出了多個新的屬。
- 小方蚌亚科:包括有蛏蚌属、帆蚌属和丽蚌属,例如洞穴丽蚌、三角帆蚌
而根據ITIS在2014年的數據[6],蚌科物種可分為下列六個亞科,以及一個有八個屬的科地位未定群組:
- 小方蚌亚科(Ambleminae) Rafinesque, 1820:但只限北美洲物種;其他東亞物種撥至隆嵴蚌亚科。
- 隆嵴蚌亚科(Gonideinae) Ortmann, 1916
- Modellnaiinae亞科 Brandt, 1974
- 雕刻蚌亞科(Parreysiinae) Henderson, 1935
- Rectidentinae亞科 Modell, 1942
- 珠蚌亚科(Unioninae) Rafinesque, 1820:只包括13個屬。
另外還有其他文獻將東亞及東南亞的蚌科物種分為Pseudodontinae、Rectidentinae 及 Parreysiinae這三個亞科[7]。
屬
[编辑]蚌科在全球有142属600多种[5]。 以下為按地域分佈而分類的所有本科的屬:
- 遍佈各地
- 只在非洲
- 只在中美洲與墨西哥
- Arotonaias
- Barynaias
- Cyrtonaias
- Delphinonaias
- Disconaias
- Friersonia
- Martensnaias
- Micronaias
- Nephritica
- Nephronaias
- Pachynaias
- Popenaias
- Psoronaias
- Psorula
- Reticulatus
- Sphenonaias
- 只在東亞
- 尖丽蚌属 Aculamprotula
- 尖嵴蚌属 Acuticosta
- 船蚌屬 Anemina
- 扭蚌属 Arconaia
- Caudiculatus
- 室蚌属 Chamberlainia
- Contradens
- 冠蚌属 Cristaria
- Ctenodesma
- 楔蚌属 Cuneopsis
- Discomya
- Elongaria
- Ensidens
- Harmandia
- 帆蚌属 Hyriopsis
- 倒齿蚌属 Inversidens
- Inversiunio
- 麗蚌屬 Lamprotula
- 矛蚌属 Lanceolaria Conrad, 1853
- 莱昂雕刻蚌属 Leoparreysia Vikhrev, Bolotov & Aksenova, 2017
- 鳞皮蚌属 Lepidodesma
- Modellnaia
- Modellnaia siamensis Brandt, 1974
- Namkongnaia
- 结节蚌属 Nodularia Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
- Oxynaia F.Haas, 1913,为Nodularia Conrad, 1853的异名
- Physunio C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Physunio aequilatus Tolstikova, 1975
- Physunio chitwanensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Physunio laeviusculus Tolstikova, 1976
- Physunio massini (Morelet, 1864)
- Physunio modelli Brandt, 1974
- Physunio pakistanus Modell, 1969
- Physunio pellucidus J.M.Pfeiffer, D.L.Graf, K.S.Cummings & L.M.Page, 2021
- Physunio (Physunio) superbus (I.Lea, 1843)
- Physunio velaris Sowerby, 1868
- Physunio zayssanensis (Martinson & Tolstikova, 1969)
- Pilsbryoconcha
- Pressidens
- Prohyriopsis
- Pronodularia
- Protunio
- 假柏夫蚌属 Pseudobaphia
- 拟齿蚌属 Pseudodon
- 尖锄蚌属 Ptychorhynchus Simpson, 1900
- Rectidens
- 菱形蚌属 Rhombuniopsis F.Haas, 1920
- 糙蚌屬 Scabies [9]
- Schepmania
- 裂脊蚌属 Schistodesmus Simpson, 1900
- Simpsonella
- 中华无齿蚌属 Sinanodonta Modell, 1945
- 蛏蚌属 Solenaia
- Unionetta
- 只在歐洲
- Microcondylaea
- 拟无齿蚌属 Pseudanodonta
- 只在印度次大陸
- Arcidopsis
- Assamnaia Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao[10]
- Lamellidens C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Lamellidens alcobacensis (Choffat, 1885)
- Lamellidens arungensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Lamellidens brandti Bolotov, Konopleva et Vikhrev, 2017 [11]
- Lamellidens candaharicus (T.Hutton, 1849)
- Lamellidens carteri (Hislop, 1860)
- Lamellidens chindwinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Lamellidens corrianus (I.Lea, 1834)
- Lamellidens deccanensis (J.de C.Sowerby, 1840)
- Lamellidens ferrugineus (Annandale, 1918)
- Lamellidens friersoni (C.T.Simpson, 1914)
- Lamellidens generosus (A.Gould, 1847)
- Lamellidens jammuensis Prashad, 1928
- Lamellidens jenkinsianus (W.H.Benson, 1862)
- Lamellidens lamellatus (I.Lea, 1838)
- Lamellidens lewisi H.E.Vokes, 1935
- Lamellidens mainwaringi Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Lamellidens narainpirensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens nongyangensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens phenchooganjensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens proctori Prashad, 1930
- Lamellidens quadratus Annandale, 1924
- Lamellidens savadiensis (G.Nevill, 1877)
- Lamellidens unioides Nesemann & G.Sharma, 2007
- Lamellidens vredenburgi Prashad, 1921
- Parreysia
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti & Subba Rao, 2024[10]
- Radiatula C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Radiatula chaudhurii (Preston, 1912)
- Radiatula chindwinensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula crispisulcata (W.H.Benson, 1862)
- Radiatula humilis (I.Lea, 1856)
- Radiatula jimuriensis (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Radiatula kachinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Radiatula kohlii (Sahni & Bhatnagar, 1957)
- Radiatula mouhoti Vikhrev, Bolotov & Konopleva, 2017[11]
- Radiatula myitkyinae (Prashad, 1930)
- Radiatula myitthanensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula pilata (I.Lea, 1866)
- Radiatula tenella (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Trapezoideus
- 只在中東
- 只在新畿內亞
- 只在北美洲
- Actinonaias
- Alasmidonta
- Amblema
- Anodontoides
- Arcidens
- Cyclonaias
- 強膨蚌屬 Cyprogenia
- 走蚌屬 Dromus
- Ellipsaria
- Elliptio
- Elliptoideus
- Epioblasma
- 水蚌属 Fusconaia
- Glebula
- Gonidea
- Hamiota
- Hemistena
- 美麗蚌屬 Lampsilis
- Lasmigona
- Lemiox
- Leptodea
- Lexingtonia
- Ligumia
- Medionidus
- Megalonaias
- Obliquaria
- Obovaria
- Pegias
- Plectomerus
- Plethobasus
- 侧底蚌属 Pleurobema
- Pleuronaia Frierson, 1927
- Pleuronaia barnesiana (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia dolabelloides (I.Lea, 1840)
- Pleuronaia gibber (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia neomexicana (Stanton, 1916)
- 翼蚌属 Potamilus Rafinesque, 1818
- Ptychobranchus
- Pyganodon
- Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817)
- Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Pyganodon gibbosa (Say, 1824)
- Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829)
- Pyganodon lacustris (I.Lea, 1857)
- 方蚌屬 Quadrula
- Quincuncina
- Simpsonaias
- Strophitus
- Toxolasma
- Truncilla
- Uniomerus
- Utterbackia
- Venustaconcha
- Villosa
- 未定:
- Trapezidens Bolotov, Vikhrev & Konopleva, 2017
- Trapezidens angustior (Hanley & Theobald, 1876)
- Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)
- Trapezidens exolescens (A.Gould, 1843)
- Trapezidens mogaungensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Trapezidens obesa (Hanley & Theobald, 1876),为Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)的异名
- Trapezidens obesa feae Kondakov, Konopleva et Vikhrev, 2017
- Trapezidens scutum (G.B.Sowerby II, 1868)
- Trapezidens yeti Konopleva, Bolotov, Kondakov, Kononov, Gofarov, Tomilova, Lunn, Chan, Win & Vikhrev, 2020
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820. WoRMS. [2015-04-05].
- ^ Huber, Markus. Compendium of Bivalves. A Full-color Guide to 3'300 of the World's Marine Bivalves. A Status on Bivalvia after 250 Years of Research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 2010: 901 pp. + CD. ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2.
- ^ Unionoidea Rafinesque, 1820. WoRMS. [2015-04-05].
- ^ 魏开建. 中国蚌科的遗传多样性与系统发育的研究. 2004 [2017-10-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-06) (中文(简体)).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 欧阳解秀. 中国蚌科动物的分子系统进化及遗传多样性研究. 南昌大学博士论文 (南昌大学). [2017-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-02) (中文(简体)).
- ^ Unionidae. ITIS. 2014 [2014].
- ^ Ivan N. Bolotov,; Ilya V. Vikhrev; Alexander V. Kondakov; Ekaterina S. Konopleva; Mikhail Yu. Gofarov; Olga V. Aksenova; Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan. New taxa of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from a species-rich but overlooked evolutionary hotspot in Southeast Asia. Sci Rep. 2017-09-14,. 2017; 7: 11573. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11957-9. PMC5599626.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak Sutcharit, Peng Bun Ngor and Pongpun Prasankok. 2021. Molecular Phylogeny reveals A New Genus of Freshwater Mussels from the Mekong River Basin (Bivalvia: Unionidae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 775(1), 119-142. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.775.1553
- ^ 中国糙蚌属二新种(瓣鳃纲:蚌科). 《动物分类学报》. 1991年, (03期).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Ivan N. Bolotov, Jyotish Sonowal, Devid Kardong, Rajeev Pasupuleti, Nalluri V. Subba Rao, Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Mikhail Y. Gofarov, Alexander V. Kondakov, Ekaterina S. Konopleva, Artem A. Lyubas and Ilya V. Vikhrev. 2024. Discovery of an Endemism Hotspot of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Assam, with A Description of Two New Genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlae052. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae052
- ^ 11.0 11.1 引用错误:没有为名为
Bolotov17
的参考文献提供内容
外部連結
[编辑]- Missouri State Unio Gallery (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society
- Ohio State University: Division of Molluscs - Freshwater Mussel Collection - Unionidae
- Unionidae at The MUSSEL Project Web Site
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