语言均一化

语言均一化（英语：dialect leveling; 西班牙语：nivelación lingüística），指某地区某种语言的各种方言间相似化或均一化的过程，通常由某种方言明显的淘汰促成，从而使得该地区各个语言间的可理解性增强并且产生一门更为整齐划一的语言。

基本概念

从一方面看，在这一过程中，可能导致理解上问题的不同语言表达形式得到简化，其变体也在减少。这一变化是渐进的，在其彻底完成之前，在社会环境中有各种变体共存的情况。

从另一方面看，均一化同时还指具体单词中语法形态的变化，旨在使各种形态趋于规则。

具体案例

1561年马德里被确认为西班牙首都之后，涌入了来自全国各地的移民（主要来自北部），并且各地均有其方言。马德里人和来自南部的移民在清齿擦音（sibilante sordo）和浊齿擦音（sibilante sonoro）间产生分歧，而来自北部（巴斯克以及加利西亚地区）的移民已经弃用浊咝音。这两种不同的发音导致了语言均一化。从音韵学的角度出发，这两种发音难以分辨而且只有少部分的人在使用，这一过程之后，三个浊咝音被弃用。

	清音	浊音
硬颚擦音	[ʃ]caxa	[ʒ]muger
齿龈擦音	[s]passo	[z]casa
齿擦音	[ θ ]caça	[ð]dezir

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