南方古顎類

南方古顎類; 化石时期：古新世 – 現今 60–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	大美洲鴕（Rhea americana）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
演化支：	古颚类 Palaeognathae
演化支：	南方古顎類 Notopalaeognathae; Yuri et al., 2013
演化支
	美洲鴕鳥目 Rheiformes; 新平胸類 Novaeratitae; 䳍形目 Tinamiformes; †恐鳥目 Dinornithiformes;

南方古顎類（學名：Notopalaeognathae）是古顎下綱的一個演化支，包含了美洲鴕鳥目、新平胸類（包括鷸鴕與鴯鶓）、䳍形目和已滅絕的恐鳥目^[3]，南方古顎類下各演化支間的親緣關係一直到近年才確立，其中䳍與恐鳥為近親^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]、鷸鴕則與鴯鶓及鶴鴕親緣關係較近^[6]，此外曾棲息於馬達加斯加，如今已經滅絕的象鳥同樣也是鷸鴕的近親^[6]。美洲鴕鳥被認為是南方古顎類的基群^[8]或是新平胸類的姊妹群^[3]。南方古顎類與鴕鳥目為姊妹群。

參考文獻

^ Notopalaeognathae. paleobiodb.org. [2021-09-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-13）.
^ Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Yuri, T.; et al. Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals. Biology (MDPI). 2013, 2 (1): 419–44. PMC 4009869 . PMID 24832669. doi:10.3390/biology2010419 .
^ Phillips MJ, Gibb GC, Crimp EA, Penny D. Tinamous and moa flock together: mitochondrial genome sequence analysis reveals independent losses of flight among ratites. Systematic Biology. January 2010, 59 (1): 90–107. PMID 20525622. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp079 .
^ Allentoft, M. E.; Rawlence, N. J. Moa's Ark or volant ghosts of Gondwana? Insights from nineteen years of ancient DNA research on the extinct moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) of New Zealand. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 2012-01-20, 194 (1): 36–51 [2022-10-14]. PMID 21596537. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2011.04.002. （原始内容存档于2021-08-12）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Mitchell, K. J.; Llamas, B.; Soubrier, J.; Rawlence, N. J.; Worthy, T. H.; Wood, J.; Lee, M. S. Y.; Cooper, A. Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwis are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution. Science. 2014-05-23, 344 (6186): 898–900. Bibcode:2014Sci...344..898M. PMID 24855267. S2CID 206555952. doi:10.1126/science.1251981. hdl:2328/35953 .
^ Baker, A. J.; Haddrath, O.; McPherson, J. D.; Cloutier, A. Genomic Support for a Moa-Tinamou Clade and Adaptive Morphological Convergence in Flightless Ratites. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2014, 31 (7): 1686–1696. PMID 24825849. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu153 .
^ Hackett, S.J.; et al. A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science. 2008, 320 (5884): 1763–8. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805. doi:10.1126/science.1157704.

[1] Notopalaeognathae. paleobiodb.org. [2021-09-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-13）.

[2] Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.

[Yuri2013-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Yuri, T.; et al. Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals. Biology (MDPI). 2013, 2 (1): 419–44. PMC 4009869 . PMID 24832669. doi:10.3390/biology2010419 .

[Phillips2010-4] Phillips MJ, Gibb GC, Crimp EA, Penny D. Tinamous and moa flock together: mitochondrial genome sequence analysis reveals independent losses of flight among ratites. Systematic Biology. January 2010, 59 (1): 90–107. PMID 20525622. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp079 .

[Allentoft2012-5] Allentoft, M. E.; Rawlence, N. J. Moa's Ark or volant ghosts of Gondwana? Insights from nineteen years of ancient DNA research on the extinct moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) of New Zealand. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 2012-01-20, 194 (1): 36–51 [2022-10-14]. PMID 21596537. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2011.04.002. （原始内容存档于2021-08-12）.

[Mitchell2014-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Mitchell, K. J.; Llamas, B.; Soubrier, J.; Rawlence, N. J.; Worthy, T. H.; Wood, J.; Lee, M. S. Y.; Cooper, A. Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwis are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution. Science. 2014-05-23, 344 (6186): 898–900. Bibcode:2014Sci...344..898M. PMID 24855267. S2CID 206555952. doi:10.1126/science.1251981. hdl:2328/35953 .

[Baker2014-7] Baker, A. J.; Haddrath, O.; McPherson, J. D.; Cloutier, A. Genomic Support for a Moa-Tinamou Clade and Adaptive Morphological Convergence in Flightless Ratites. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2014, 31 (7): 1686–1696. PMID 24825849. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu153 .

[8] Hackett, S.J.; et al. A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science. 2008, 320 (5884): 1763–8. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805. doi:10.1126/science.1157704.

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