User:JKessvinJ/沙盒/Wales Referrendum

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1997年威爾斯權力下放公投
1997年9月18日
您是否同意政府所提議，成立威爾斯議會？
結果英國國會通過1998年威爾斯政府法案，成立威爾斯國民議會。
结果
票數 %
同意 559,419 50.30%
不同意 552,698 49.70%
有效票 1,112,117 99.64%
無效或空白票 3,999 0.36%
總票數 1,116,116 100.00%
已登記選民/投票率 2,222,533 50.22%
各單一管理區結果
在地圖上，顏色較深的陰影表示較高比率。

Template:Politics of Wales

在英国及其構成國內舉行的
全國及地區性全民公投（英语：Referendums in the United Kingdom）
北愛爾蘭歸屬公投（英语：1973 Northern Ireland border poll）1973年
英國歐共體成員身份公投1975年
蘇格蘭憲政公投（英语：1979 Scottish devolution referendum）1979年
威爾斯憲政公投（英语：1979 Welsh devolution referendum）1979年
蘇格蘭憲政公投1997年
威爾斯憲政公投（英语：1997 Welsh devolution referendum）1997年
大倫敦政府公投1998年
北愛爾蘭貝爾法斯特協議公投（英语：1998 Northern Ireland Good Friday Agreement referendum）1998年
東北英格蘭憲政公投（英语：2004 North East England devolution referendum）2004年
威爾斯憲政公投（英语：2011 Welsh devolution referendum）2011年
英國選擇投票制公投2011年
苏格兰独立公投2014年
英國去留歐盟公投2016年

1997年威爾斯權力下放公投是英國政府於1997年9月18日在威爾斯全境舉行的一場立法前公民投票，目的是確認威爾斯選民是否支持成立一威爾斯地方議會，而給與當地某程度的自治。此公投源於工黨於1997年大選時的競選承諾，並在工黨政府第一届任期期間依據《1997年公投（蘇格蘭與威爾斯）法令》舉行。這是當地繼1979年後就權力下放議題所作的第二次公投——選民於第一次公投以絕大比數票否決設立地方議會。

公投結果為支持一方以些微票數險勝。英國政府亦因公投通過而通過《1998年威爾斯政府法令》，並於1999年正式成立威爾斯國民議會。

，目的是讓蘇格蘭選民決定是否從大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國獨立。

就是否支持成立蘇格蘭議會及交由其選出新的蘇格蘭政府進行的公民表決，是次公投源於為工黨黨派於當選後為實現競選承諾而推動。這是繼1979年當地就同一議題所作的第二次公投，投票率達到60.4%。


The Welsh devolution referendum of 1997 was a pre-legislative referendum held in Wales on 18 September 1997 over whether there was support for the creation of a National Assembly for Wales, and therefore a degree of self-government. The referendum was a Labour manifesto commitment and was held in their first term after the 1997 election under the provisions of the Referendums (Scotland and Wales) Act 1997. This was the second referendum held in Wales over the question of devolution: the first referendum was held in 1979 and was defeated by a large majority.

The referendum resulted in a narrow majority in favour, which led to the passing of the Government of Wales Act 1998 and the formation of the National Assembly for Wales in 1999.

背景[编辑]

A referendum was held in 1979 (with a parallel referendum in Scotland) proposing the creation of a Welsh Assembly, under James Callaghan's Labour government. The referendum stipulated that a Welsh Assembly would be created if supported by 50% of votes cast and 40% of the total electorate. The Scottish referendum achieved the first condition but not the second, while the Welsh referendum was defeated by almost a 4:1 majority. Indeed, although the Labour Party had committed itself to devolution in 1974 (following the advice of the Royal Commission on the Constitution) several Welsh Labour MPs (including Neil Kinnock) were very much opposed.

The 1979 referendum had been such a resounding defeat that it killed off any prospects of devolution in Wales for a generation. The almost wholly anti-devolution, unionist Conservative Party won the 1979 general election (though Welsh Labour remained the largest party in Wales, the Conservatives only won 11 out of 36 seats in Wales)[1] and remained in government until 1997. Over this time, the Conservative Party became increasingly unpopular in Wales. The Conservatives mostly appointed English MPs representing English constituencies to the post of Secretary of State for Wales, including William Hague and John Redwood (who famously attempted to mime the words to the Welsh national anthem at the 1993 Welsh Conservative Party conference.[2])

A commitment to the creation of a Welsh Assembly with executive powers was again put into the Labour Party manifesto for the 1992 general election.[3] The Labour Party shaped its policy of a Welsh Assembly under the guidance of Shadow Welsh Secretary Ron Davies and Welsh Office spokesmen Win Griffiths and Rhodri Morgan. In March 1996, Ron Davies signed an agreement with Alex Carlile, the Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats, which committed both parties to support a "Yes" vote in a Welsh devolution referendum in the event of a Labour victory at the 1997 general election. The agreement was made in the context of a potential Lib-Lab pact should Labour not win an overall majority.

There was no inter-party Constitutional Convention in Wales to define devolution as there had been in Scotland. Labour's initial proposal to elect a Welsh Assembly using the traditional first-past-the-post system was reversed in late-1996 in favour of the Additional Member System. This change was vital in order to gain the support of Plaid Cymru and the Welsh Liberal Democrats in the event of a referendum.

Referendum question[编辑]

Unusually for a referendum just as in the 1997 Scottish devolution referendum the electorate was asked to vote on two statements rather than a question which corresponded to the following proposal. The statements were issued both in English and Welsh.


Parliament has decided to consult people in Wales on the Government's proposals for a Welsh Assembly:
Mae'r Senedd wedi penderfynu ymgynghori pobl yng Nghymru ar gynigion y Llywodraeth ar gyfer Cynulliad i Gymru:

I agree there should be a Welsh Assembly
Yr wyf yn cytuno y dylid cael Cynulliad i Gymru

or

I do not agree there should be a Welsh Assembly
Nid wyf yn cytuno y dylid cael Cynulliad i Gymru

(To be marked by a single (X))

Campaign[编辑]

The official Yes campaign, Yes for Wales, was supported by Labour, the Liberal Democrats and Plaid Cymru, though they also ran their own individual campaigns.[4] Labour anti-devolution MPs (including Llew Smith, among others[5]) were subject to a tight parliamentary whip to ensure that the Labour Party was seen to be publicly behind the campaign. Yes for Wales placed a large emphasis on grassroots involvement in the campaign, with sectoral groups such as "Pensioners say Yes", and local branches throughout Wales.[6]

Prominent campaigners for a Yes vote included Labour politicians Leighton Andrews, Ron Davies, Alun Michael, Rhodri Morgan, Andrew Davies, Peter Hain, Hywel Francis, Edwina Hart and Val Feld; Liberal Democrat politicians Michael German, Jenny Randerson, Kirsty Williams and Peter Black; Plaid Cymru politicians Dafydd Wigley, Cynog Dafis Ieuan Wyn Jones and Leanne Wood; and academic Russell Deacon.

The official No campaign, Just Say NO, was chaired by Nick Bourne, then-Conservative "Chief Spokesman in Wales". The No campaign lacked the structure and finance of the Yes campaign, and suffered from the fact that the Conservatives' landslide defeat at the 1997 general election meant there were no Conservative MPs (and therefore no MPs supporting the No campaign) in Wales. Additionally, the No campaign in 1997 did not have the support of local authorities; the fact that the Conservatives had reduced layers of local government from two to one in 1994 meant that this was not an issue as it had been in 1979.

Result[编辑]

1997 Welsh devolution referendum
選項 票數 %
I agree that there should be a Welsh Assembly
Yr wyf yn cytuno y dylid cael Cynulliad i Gymru 		559,419 50.30
I do not agree that there should be a Welsh Assembly
Nid wyf yn cytuno y dylid cael Cynulliad i Gymru 		552,698 49.70
有效票 1,112,117 99.64
無效或空白票 3,999 0.36
總票數 1,116,116 100.00
已登記選民及投票率 2,222,533 50.22

Note: In Wales under the Welsh Language Act 1993 the Welsh language has equal status with the English language.

Template:Referendum bar

The overall result was declared in the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama in Cardiff. The proceeding officer was Professor Eric Sunderland. The results of all 22 local authority areas were announced individually, and the result was close enough that everything in fact hung on the announcement from Carmarthenshire, which carried the Yes vote.[7] The difference between the 'agree' and 'disagree' vote was 6,721.[8]

Results by unitary authority[编辑]

Council Area Turnout Votes Proportion of votes
Agree
Cytuno 		Disagree
Anghytuno 		Agree
Cytuno 		Disagree
Anghytuno
Anglesey 56.9% 15,649 15,095 50.9% 49.1%
Blaenau Gwent 49.3% 15,237 11,928 56.1% 43.9%
Bridgend 50.6% 27,632 23,172 54.4% 45.6%
Caerphilly 49.3% 34,830 28,841 55.7% 44.3%
Cardiff 46.9% 47,527 59,589 44.4% 55.6%
Carmarthenshire 56.4% 49,115 26,119 65.5% 34.5%
Ceredigion 56.8% 18,304 12,614 59.2% 40.8%
Conwy 51.5% 18,369 26,521 40.9% 59.1%
Denbighshire 49.7% 14,271 20,732 40.5% 59.5%
Flintshire 41.0% 17,746 28,707 38.2% 61.8%
Gwynedd 59.8% 35,425 19,859 64.1% 35.9%
Merthyr Tydfil 49.5% 12,707 9,121 58.2% 41.8%
Monmouthshire 50.5% 10,592 22,403 32.1% 67.9%
Neath Port Talbot 51.9% 36,730 18,463 66.5% 33.5%
Newport 45.9% 16,172 27,017 37.5% 62.5%
Pembrokeshire 52.6% 19,979 26,712 42.8% 57.2%
Powys 56.2% 23,038 30,966 42.7% 57.3%
Rhondda Cynon Taff 49.9% 51,201 36,362 58.5% 41.5%
Swansea 47.1% 42,789 39,561 53.0% 47.0%
Torfaen 45.5% 15,756 15,854 49.8% 50.2%
Vale of Glamorgan 54.3% 17,776 30,613 35.5% 64.5%
Wrexham 42.4% 18,574 22,449 44.3% 55.7%

See also[编辑]

References[编辑]

  1. ^ UK Election statistics 1945-2003 (PDF). 
  2. ^ - YouTube. www.youtube.com. 
  3. ^ Labour Party 1992 election manifesto. （原始内容存档于2013-12-09）. 
  4. ^ Welsh Referendum. www.bbc.co.uk. 
  5. ^ Welsh Referendum. www.bbc.co.uk. 
  6. ^ Welsh Referendum. www.bbc.co.uk. 
  7. ^ Welsh Referendum. bbc.co.uk. [2017-09-18]. 
  8. ^ How Welsh devolution has evolved over two decades. 18 September 2017 –通过www.bbc.co.uk. 

External links[编辑]

Template:Welsh devolution Template:Welsh elections Template:United Kingdom local elections, 1997 Template:Opinion polling for Senedd elections

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