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User:Waylon1104/條目翻譯1

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莫拉納－博勒軍用單翼機
莫朗埃－博勒軍用單翼機的斜視圖。攝於蘭斯，1911年10月
类型 軍機
制造商 莫拉納兄弟和加布里埃爾·博勒
设计者 雷蒙·索尼耶
首飞 1911年
制造数量 1個原型

莫拉納－博勒軍用單翼機是一架設計失敗的法國單引擎多座原型機，為參加於1911年由軍方主持的漢斯軍用航空競賽（英语：Reims Military Aviation Competition, 1911）而製作。這架飛機僅完成一項需求後就被淘汰出局。

設計[编辑]

這架軍機的設計源自莫朗埃－博勒公司先前的民用單座單翼機，並加大和加固以容納駕駛員和兩名乘客。它是一種中翼牽引式單翼機，由It was a mid-wing tractor configuration monoplane powered by a 100-匹馬力（75-千瓦特） Gnome double Omega 14-cylinder rotary engine driving a two-bladed propeller. The fuselage was a rectangular-section, wire-braced box girder, with only the forward part covered. The two-spar wings were given a trapezoidal shape, lengthened by seven ribs, and retained the elliptical ends of the earlier aircraft. The wings were braced by two pyramidal cabanes in front of the pilot, one on each side of the fuselage, and an inverted V-strut underneath the fuselage, behind the landing gear. Additional pairs of guy-wires were added to reinforce the longer wings.[1]

Lateral control was effected by wing warping and the empennage consisted of a fixed horizontal stabilizer with tip-mounted full-chord elevators at the ends and a vertical stabilizer. The undercarriage was reinforced by the addition of an extra strut fastened to the forward end of the fuselage and consisted of two pairs of three strut assemblies, each with a pair of wheels on an axle and a skid, and a double tailskid.[1]

歷史[编辑]

1911年中，法國軍方決定贊助一項於10月時在兰斯舉行的飛行競賽。每架參賽飛機將從兩個面向評估，分別為從耕地起飛的能力，以及搭載三名合計至少300公斤的乘客their ability to take off from a plowed field and to carry three people weighing at least 300公斤（660英磅） for a distance of 300公里（190英里） at a speed of at least 60公里每小時（37英里每小時）. The first prize was 700,000 francs plus additional sums for increases in speed over 60 km/h, as well as a commitment by the military to purchase 10 aircraft.[2] The Morane-Borel leadership and its chief designer, Raymond Saulnier, decided to build an entry to demonstrate the principles behind its race-winning predecessor and to serve as an advertisement for the company. Piloted by Jules Védrines, the aircraft successfully took off from a wet plowed field. It flew carrying one passenger, but failed to lift the required mass due to the weight of its reinforced structure and was eliminated from the competition.[3]

規格[编辑]

來源：Lacaze & Lherbert, Morane Saulnier: ses avions, ses projets, p. 16

基本信息

  • 机组：3名人員
  • 長度：7.8米（25英尺7英寸）
  • 翼展：12.3米（40英尺4英寸）
  • 机翼面积：22平方米（240平方英尺）
  • 空重：530公斤（1,168英磅）
  • 总重：850公斤（1,874英磅）
  • 发动机：1台尼奥姆雙歐米茄（英语：Gnome Omega），14缸氣冷式旋轉汽缸引擎（英语：rotary engine），75 kW (100 hp)

性能

註腳[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Lacaze & Lherbert, p. 16; Opdycke, p. 66; Moulin, p. 54
  2. ^ Hartmann, pp. 2, 8
  3. ^ Lacaze & Lherbert, p. 16

參考書目[编辑]

  • Hartmann, Gérard. Le grand concours d'aviation militaire de Reims 1911 [The Reims Military Aviation Competition, 1911] (PDF). Dossiers historiques et techniques aéronautique française. Gérard Hartmann. [11 September 2022] （法语）. 
  • Lacaze, Henri & Lherbert, Claude. Morane Saulnier: ses avions, ses projets [Morane Saulnier: Their Aircraft and Projects]. Outreau, France: Lela Presse. 2013. ISBN 978-2-914017-70-1 （法语）. 
  • Moulin, Jean. Reims 1911, le premier concours d'appareils militaires au monde! [Reims 1911, the First Military Aircraft Concours in the World!]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire. October 2004, (139): 51–58. ISSN 1243-8650 （法语）. 
  • Opdycke, Leonard E. French Aeroplanes before the Great War. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. 1999. ISBN 0-7643-0752-5. 
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