胖头鱥

胖头鱥
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
目：	鲤形目 Cypriniformes
亚目：	鲤亚目 Cyprinoidei
科：	雅罗鱼科 Leuciscidae
属：	胖头鱥属 Pimephales
种：	胖头鱥 P. promelas
二名法
	Pimephales promelas; (Rafinesque, 1820)
异名
	Hyborhynchus confertus Girard, 1856; Pimephales fasciatus Girard, 1856; Pimephales maculosus Girard, 1856; Hyborhynchus puniceus Girard, 1856; Plargyrus melanocephalus Abbott, 1860; Pimephales milesii Cope, 1865; Pimephales agassizii Cope, 1867; Colistus parietalis Cope, 1871; Hyborhynchus nigellus Cope, 1875; Cliola smithii Evermann & Cox, 1896; Pimephales anuli Kendall, 1903;

胖头鱥（学名：Pimephales promelas）是辐鳍鱼纲鲤形目雅罗鱼科的其中一个种，广泛分布于北美洲，从加拿大魁北克省至不列颠哥伦比亚省、西北地方，南至美国阿拉巴马州、德克萨斯州、墨西哥淡水流域，本鱼体细长且侧扁，头圆钝，口近端位，通常呈暗橄榄灰色，背部和侧面有一条暗色条纹，腹部颜色较浅，背鳍中部有一个暗色斑点，繁殖期雄鱼在颈背上长出一个大的灰色肉质生长物，在鼻子上长出大约16个白色的繁殖结节^[2]，背鳍软条8枚、臀鳍软条7枚，体长可达10.1公分^[3]^[4]，寿命可达5年，栖息在河川、湖泊、沟渠、水塘、沼泽，能忍受混浊、低氧的水域，属杂食性，以藻类、昆虫、甲壳类及有机碎屑等为食^[5]，单独或成群活动^[6]，繁殖期在6至8月，雄鱼会筑巢，当雌鱼产卵后，雄鱼会守护巢穴。本种鱼常被当作饵料鱼，最近在水族馆贸易中有玫瑰红的变异出现，这种颜色变异于1985年在美国[[阿肯色州的几个养殖场被发现。该品系的雌雄都有玫瑰金色的身体和鳍，可能表现出野生型的深色斑点，可作为观赏鱼^[7]。

参考文献

^ NatureServe & Daniels, A. Pimephales promelas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T191292A130031376 [29 January 2024]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T191292A130031376.en .
^ Alderton, David (2005), Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pondfish, p. 360, Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY. ISBN 0-7566-0941-0
^ Hugg, D.O., 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA.
^ Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes, 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
^ Parr, Cynthia Sims. Bluntnose Minnow. University of Michigan. [1 May 2012].
^ Minnow Family Cyprinidae. Cornell DNR. [3 May 2012]. （原始内容存档于17 April 2012）.
^ Quinn, John R. (1990), Our Native Fishes: The Aquarium Hobbyist's Guide to Observing, Collecting, and Keeping Them, p. 76, The Countryman Press, Woodstock, VT. ISBN 0-88150-181-6.

[IUCN-1] NatureServe & Daniels, A. Pimephales promelas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T191292A130031376 [29 January 2024]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T191292A130031376.en .

[Alderton-2] Alderton, David (2005), Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pondfish, p. 360, Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY. ISBN 0-7566-0941-0

[3] Hugg, D.O., 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA.

[4] Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes, 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

[University_of_Michigan-5] Parr, Cynthia Sims. Bluntnose Minnow. University of Michigan. [1 May 2012].

[MinnowFamilyCyprinidae-6] Minnow Family Cyprinidae. Cornell DNR. [3 May 2012]. （原始内容存档于17 April 2012）.

[Quinn-7] Quinn, John R. (1990), Our Native Fishes: The Aquarium Hobbyist's Guide to Observing, Collecting, and Keeping Them, p. 76, The Countryman Press, Woodstock, VT. ISBN 0-88150-181-6.

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