蝲蛄科
美螯虾科
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| 克氏原螯虾 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 亚门： | 甲壳亚门 Crustacea |
| 纲： | 软甲纲 Malacostraca |
| 目： | 十足目 Decapoda |
| 亚目： | 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata |
| 下目： | 螯虾下目 Astacidea |
| 总科： | 螯虾总科 Astacoidea |
| 科： | 螯虾科 Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942 |
| 属 | |
蝲蛄科（学名：Cambaridae）也称螯虾科，是十足目下的一个科，亦是淡水龙虾三个科之中最大的一个，包含有超过400个物种[1]。属该科物种体型略似龙虾而较小，在部分地区被称为小龙虾。头胸部较长，呈长卵圆形。前三对步足都有螯，第一对特别发达。大部分分布于北美洲大分水岭以东，少部分分布于东亚、日本等地。栖息山溪和附近河川中。是肺吸虫中间宿主，捕食时要注意，不能生食[2]。
根据一项2006年发表的分子研究，蝲蛄科很大可能是一个并系群，包含了雕虾科（Astacidae）整个科，而Cambaroides的地位仍然未定[3]。
与“小龙虾”的关系
[编辑]蝲蛄科包含著名的网络谣言中指的污水处理专家克氏原螯虾（小龙虾一般指它，也指包括克氏原螯虾和东北黑螯虾的所有淡水龙虾）。
下属分类
[编辑]本科包括以下属：[4]
- Barbicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- Bouchardina Hobbs, 1977
- 侏儒螯虾属 Cambarellus Ortmann, 1905
- 拟螯虾属 Cambaroides ：原产东亚
- 鳌虾属 Cambarus Erichson, 1846，蝲蛄属
- Creaserinus Hobbs, 1973
- Distocambarus Hobbs, 1981
- Fallicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- Fallicambarus devastator Hobbs & Whiteman, 1987
- Fallicambarus dissitus (Penn, 1955)
- Fallicambarus harpi Hobbs & Robison, 1985
- Fallicambarus houstonensis Johnson, 2008
- Fallicambarus jeanae Hobbs, 1973
- Fallicambarus kountzeae Johnson, 2008
- Fallicambarus macneesei (Black, 1967)
- Fallicambarus petilicarpus Hobbs & Robison, 1989
- Fallicambarus schusteri Taylor & Robinson, 2016[5]
- Fallicambarus strawni (Reimer, 1966)
- Fallicambarus tenuis (Hobbs, 1950)
- Fallicambarus wallsi Johnson, 2011
- Faxonella Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius Ortmann, 1905
- Faxonius acares (Fitzpatrick, 1965)
- Faxonius alabamensis (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius alluvius (Simon & McMurray, 2014)
- Faxonius barrenensis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius bellator Bloom, McCall, Schuster & Blanton, 2019
- Faxonius bisectus (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius burri (Taylor & Sabaj, 1998)
- Faxonius carolinensis (J.E.Cooper & M.R.Cooper, 1995)
- Faxonius castaneus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius causeyi (Jester, 1967)
- Faxonius chickasawae (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius compressus (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius cooperi (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius cristavarius (Taylor, 2000)
- Faxonius cyanodigitus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius deanae (Reimer & Jester, 1975)
- Faxonius difficilis (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius durelli (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1995)
- Faxonius elix Couch & Hayes, 2022
- Faxonius erichsonianus (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius etnieri (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1976)
- Faxonius eupunctus (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius forceps (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius harrisonii (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius hartfieldi (Fitzpatrick & Suttkus, 1992)
- Faxonius hathawayi (Penn, 1952)
- Faxonius hobbsi (Penn, 1950)
- Faxonius holti (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius hylas (Faxon, 1890)
- Faxonius illinoiensis (Brown, 1956)
- Faxonius immunis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius indianensis (Hay, 1896)
- Faxonius jeffersoni (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius jonesi (Fitzpatrick, 1992)
- Faxonius juvenilis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius kentuckiensis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius lancifer (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius leptogonopodus (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817)
- Faxonius longidigitus (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius luteus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius macrus (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius maletae (Walls, 1972)
- Faxonius marchandi (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius margorectus (Taylor, 2002)
- Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius meeki (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius menae Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius mirus (Ortmann, 1931)
- Faxonius mississippiensis (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius nais (Faxon, 1885)
- Faxonius nana (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius neglectus (Faxon, 1885)
- Faxonius obscurus (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius occidentalis (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius ozarkae (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius pagei (Taylor & Sabaj, 1997)
- Faxonius palmeri (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius pardalotus (Wetzel, Poly & Fetzner, 2005)
- Faxonius perfectus (Walls, 1972)
- Faxonius peruncus (Creaser, 1931)
- Faxonius placidus (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius propinquus (Girard, 1852)
- Faxonius punctimanus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius putnami (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius quadruncus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius quinebaugensis (Mathews & Warren, 2008)
- Faxonius rafinesquei (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius raymondi (Thoma & Stocker, 2009)
- Faxonius rhoadesi (Hobbs, 1949)
- Faxonius roberti Fetzner Jr. & Taylor, 2018[6]
- Faxonius ronaldi (Taylor, 2000)
- Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)
- Faxonius sanbornii (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius saxatilis (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1976)
- Faxonius shoupi (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius sloanii (Bundy, 1876)
- Faxonius spinosus (Bundy, 1877)
- Faxonius stannardi (Page, 1985)
- Faxonius stygocaneyi (Hobbs Iii, 2001)
- Faxonius taylori (Schuster, 2008)
- Faxonius texanus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius theaphionensis (Simon, Timm & Morris, 2005)
- Faxonius transfuga (Fitzpatrick, 1966)
- Faxonius tricuspis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius validus (Faxon, 1914)
- Faxonius virginiensis (Hobbs, 1951)
- Faxonius virilis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius wagneri Fetzner Jr. & Taylor, 2018[6]
- Faxonius williamsi (Fitzpatrick, 1966)
- Faxonius wrighti (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius yanahlindus (Taylor, Rhoden & Schuster, 2016)
- Hobbseus Fitzpatrick & Payne, 1968
- 洼河龙虾属 Lacunicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- 叉肢螯虾属 Orconectes Cope, 1872
- Palaeocambarus Taylor, Schram & Shen, 1999
- Paleocambararus Taylor et al., 1999
- 原蝲蛄属 Procambarus Ortmann, 1905：含克氏原螯虾
- 洞居蝲蛄属 Troglocambarus Hobbs, 1942
- Tubericambarus Jezerinac, 1993
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ James W. Fetzner, Jr. Family Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942. Crayfish Taxon Browser. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 2005-05-09 [2013-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-27） （中文（繁体））.
- ^ 夏征农, 罗竹风, 马飞海, 等. 辞海[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2000: 1, 2252.
- ^ A. Braband, T. Kawai & G. Scholtz. The phylogenetic position of the East Asian freshwater crayfish Cambaroides within the Northern Hemisphere Astacoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacida) based on molecular data. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research (abstract). 2006, 44 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00338.x.
- ^ Cambaridae. GBIF. [2023-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-11）.
- ^ Christopher A. Taylor and Henry W. Robison. 2016. A New Burrowing Crayfish of the Genus Fallicambarus Hobbs, 1969 (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Red River Drainage of the southcentral United States. Zootaxa. 4144(4).4; 575–583. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.4.7
- ^ 6.0 6.1 James W. Jr. Fetzner and Christopher A. Taylor. 2018. Two New Species of Freshwater Crayfish of the Genus Faxonius (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri. Zootaxa. 4399(4); 491–520. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.2
