东北棕熊

东北棕熊
保护状况
	; 易危（IUCN 2.3）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	熊科 Ursidae
属：	熊属 Ursus
种：	棕熊 U. arctos
亚种：	东北棕熊 U. a. lasiotus
三名法
	Ursus arctos lasiotus; Gray, 1867
异名
	baikalensis Ognev, 1924; cavifrons (Heude, 1901); ferox Temminck, 1844; macneilli Lydekker, 1909; melanarctos Heude, 1898; yesoensis Lydekker, 1897

东北棕熊（学名：Ursus arctos lasiotus），又名乌苏里棕熊、东北马熊，是棕熊的一个亚种，分布于西伯利亚、朝鲜半岛、中国东北和北海道，与堪察加棕熊相似，但毛色更黑、头骨更长。其分布于北海道的种群有时会单独列为一个亚种，即日本棕熊（Ursus arctos yesoensis）。它是体型较大的棕熊之一，最大的东北棕熊个头体重超过400公斤。^[3]

习性

东北棕熊食谱很杂，它以各类植物浆果、根茎、种子和小型、大型动物为食，甚至也吃蚂蚁^[4]。

东北虎有时会捕食东北棕熊，但这种情况很少出现^[5]^[6]。此外，东北虎捕食的一般是幼熊，但也有东北虎袭击冬眠的成年东北棕熊的记录^[7]^[8]^[9]。1944-1959年，俄罗斯远东地区共录下32起东北虎袭击东北棕熊的案例^[10]^[11]^[12]。

1915年12月，日本北海道发生三毛别棕熊袭击事件，造成7人死亡、3人重伤，为日本史上最严重的野生动物攻击事件。

参考文献

^ Ursus arctos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. [27 January 2009].
^ Gray, J. E. Note on Ursus lasiotus, a hairy-eared bear from North China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser. 3. 1867, 20 (118): 301 [2019-02-28]. doi:10.1080/00222936708694139. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
^ Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), V.G Heptner and N.P Naumov editors, Science Publishers, Inc. USA. 1998. ISBN 1-886106-81-9
^ Onoyama, Keiichi. Ants as prey of the Yezo brown bear Ursus arctos yesoensis with consideration on its feeding habits (PDF). Res. Bull. Obihiro University (Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine). 1987-11-16, 15: 313–318 [2009-05-05]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22）.
^ Seryodkin; et al. Relationship between tigers, brown bears, and Himalayan black bears. Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation. 2005: 156–163.
^ Geptner, V. G., Sludskii, A. A. (1972). Mlekopitaiuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; (1992). the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2: Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats). Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC). Pp. 95–202.
^ Frasef, A. Feline Behaviour and Welfare. CABI. 2012: 72–77. ISBN 978-1-84593-926-7.
^ Prynn, David. Amur tiger. Russian Nature Press. 2004: 115.
^ V.G. Heptner and N.P. Naumov. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol 2 IIa 1998. New Delhi, India: Amerind Publishing. p671
^ Mammals of the Soviet Union Volume 2, by V.G Heptner & A.A. Sludskii, p177
^ Seryodkin, I. V., J. M. Goodrich, A. V. Kostyrya, B. O. Schleyer, E. N. Smirnov, L. L. Kerley, and D. G. Miquelle (2005). "Relationship between tigers, brown bears, and Himalayan black bears". pp. 95-202 in D. G. Miquelle, E. N. Smirnov, and J. M. Goodrich (eds.), Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation. Vladivostok, Russia: PSP.
^ Table 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Location, physical status, size and circumstances of deaths of Amur tiger males in the Russian Far East, 1970-1994.

外部连接

[1] Ursus arctos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. [27 January 2009].

[2] Gray, J. E. Note on Ursus lasiotus, a hairy-eared bear from North China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser. 3. 1867, 20 (118): 301 [2019-02-28]. doi:10.1080/00222936708694139. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[soviet-3] Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), V.G Heptner and N.P Naumov editors, Science Publishers, Inc. USA. 1998. ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[ants-4] Onoyama, Keiichi. Ants as prey of the Yezo brown bear Ursus arctos yesoensis with consideration on its feeding habits (PDF). Res. Bull. Obihiro University (Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine). 1987-11-16, 15: 313–318 [2009-05-05]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22）.

[Seryodkin2-5] Seryodkin; et al. Relationship between tigers, brown bears, and Himalayan black bears. Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation. 2005: 156–163.

[Geptner1972-6] Geptner, V. G., Sludskii, A. A. (1972). Mlekopitaiuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; (1992). the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2: Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats). Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC). Pp. 95–202.

[FBW-7] Frasef, A. Feline Behaviour and Welfare. CABI. 2012: 72–77. ISBN 978-1-84593-926-7.

[amur-8] Prynn, David. Amur tiger. Russian Nature Press. 2004: 115.

[9] V.G. Heptner and N.P. Naumov. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol 2 IIa 1998. New Delhi, India: Amerind Publishing. p671

[10] Mammals of the Soviet Union Volume 2, by V.G Heptner & A.A. Sludskii, p177

[11] Seryodkin, I. V., J. M. Goodrich, A. V. Kostyrya, B. O. Schleyer, E. N. Smirnov, L. L. Kerley, and D. G. Miquelle (2005). "Relationship between tigers, brown bears, and Himalayan black bears". pp. 95-202 in D. G. Miquelle, E. N. Smirnov, and J. M. Goodrich (eds.), Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation. Vladivostok, Russia: PSP.

[12] Table 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Location, physical status, size and circumstances of deaths of Amur tiger males in the Russian Far East, 1970-1994.

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