鼠尾草属

鼠尾草属
	一串红（Salvia splendens）
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊类植物 Asterids
目：	唇形目 Lamiales
科：	唇形科 Lamiaceae
亚科：	荆芥亚科 Nepetoideae
族：	薄荷族 Mentheae
属：	鼠尾草属 Salvia; L., 1753
种
	参见正文

鼠尾草属是唇形科下最大的一个属，包括大约1000种植物^[1]，广泛分布在全球各地的温带和热带地区，既有草本也有灌木或亚灌木，大多数品种集中在亚洲。 ^[2]其中有许多品种可以入药或作为观赏花卉。^[3]

鼠尾草属植物的花有明显特点，其花萼钟形，分为两唇，上唇有三齿，下唇有二齿；花冠筒形，也分为两唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最长；有两个能育雄蕊和两个退化的不育雄蕊；果实为小坚果。

该属植物杠杆状雄蕊（lever-like stamen）结构与传粉者形成了杠杆式背部传粉（dorsal pollination）的互作机制^[4]。

属名Salvia源于拉丁语salveo，意为“救助”，指本属植物多供入药。

主要品种

本属包括以下物种：^[5]

翅柄叶鼠尾草 Salvia alatipetiolata （翅柄鼠尾草）
白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
银白鼠尾草 Salvia argentea L. - Silver clary, Silver sage.
Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
Salvia ayecarrenoi Mart. Gord., Fragoso & de Santiago^[6]
Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
南丹参 Salvia bowleyana
Dunn
- 二回羽裂南丹参 Salvia bowleyana var. subbipinnata C.Y. Wu
Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
刺苞鼠尾草 Salvia carduacea Benth.，异名：Salvia gossypina Benth.
Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
红花鼠尾草 Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr., 1778，朱唇
飞鸽鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
圆苞鼠尾草 Salvia cyclostegia
Salvia discolor
墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
长花鼠尾草 Salvia dolichantha E.Peter
Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
凤梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
粉萼鼠尾草 Salvia farinacea Benth.，粉萼鼠尾草
台湾紫花鼠尾草 Salvia fulgens - Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 （蕨叶紫花鼠尾草）
Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
胶质鼠尾草 Salvia glutinosa
Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
早田氏鼠尾草 Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata, 1919
芡欧鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
Salvia huastecana Bedolla, Zamudio & H.Castillo-Gómez ^[7]
鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784（日本紫花鼠尾草）
隐药鼠尾草 Salvia keitaoensis Hayata, 1919
Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
Salvia microphylla
丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
琴柱草 Salvia nipponica
Miq.
- 黄花鼠尾草 Salvia nipponica var. formosana (Hayata) Kudo, 1929
药用鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
节毛鼠尾草 Salvia plebeia R. Brown, 1810
龙胆鼠尾草 Salvia patens ，长蕊鼠尾草 - a blue-flowering sage.
Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
洪桥鼠尾草 Salvia potanini Kryl.
Salvia potus - Chia.
Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
康定鼠尾草 Salvia prattii Hemsl.
Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
卵叶鼠尾草 Salvia scapiformis Hance, 1885
Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
山东丹参 Salvia shandongensis ^[8]
Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
一串红 Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
佛光草 Salvia substolonifera Stib.
Salvia superba
田代氏鼠尾草 Salvia tashiroi Hayata, 1917
Salvia transylvanica
Salvia uliginosa Benth., 1833
Salvia verbenaca L., 1753 - Wild clary, Wild sage.
Salvia verticillata L., 1753 - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
Salvia viridis L., 1753，异名：S. horminum - Annual clary..
西藏鼠尾草 Salvia wardii Stib.

应用

鼠尾草属的拉丁名称来源与拉丁语的“治疗”（salvare）一词，在古代的地中海和小亚细亚半岛早已经应用其作为草药。^[9]其中丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是重要的中药，而美洲的印第安人也早已经知道用鼠尾草属植物作为草药，部分芳香品种还可以提取芳香油。^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

参考文献

^ Petra Wester; Regine Claßen-Bockhoff. Pollination Syndromes of New World Salvia Species with Special Reference to Bird Pollination. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011, 98 (1): 101–155 [2015-04-07]. doi:10.3417/2007035.
^ Kintzios, Spiridon E. 2000. Sage: the genus Salvia. Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, v. 14. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Page 27. ISBN 90-5823-005-8
^ Clebsch, Betsy, and Betsy Clebsch. 2003. The new book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-560-8
^ 鼠尾草花结构与传粉忠实性研究获进展. 科学网. 2011-03-16 [2011-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-25）.
^ Salvia L.. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）.
^ Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo, Jesús Ricardo de Santiago Gómez and Itzi Fragoso-Martínez. 2023. Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), una nueva especie con estambres exsertosde Guerrero, México / Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), A New Species with exserted stamens from Guerrero, Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana. 130: e2232. DOI: 10.21829/abm130.2023.2232
^ Brenda Y. Bedolla-García, Sergio Zamudio and Hugo A. Castillo-Gómez. 2020. Salvia huastecana (Lamiaceae), A New Species from San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Zootaxa. 433(1); 1–8. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.1
^ 李晓娟,韩建萍,李建秀,等.基于叶绿体psbA-trnH基因间区序列鉴定山东丹参为新种[J].药学学报, 2013, 48(8):7.DOI:CNKI:SUN:YXXB.0.2013-08-027.
^ Marushia, Robin, Salvia divinorum: The Botany, Ethnobotany, Biochemistry and Future of a Mexican Mint (PDF), Ethnobotany, June 2003 [2007-05-04], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2003-09-03）
^ Akhondzadeh, S; Noroozian, M; Mohammadi, M; Ohadinia, S; Jamshidi, Ah; Khani, M. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. Feb 2003, 28 (1): 53–9. ISSN 0269-4727. PMID 12605619.
^ Dos, Santos-Neto, Ll; De, Vilhena, Toledo, Ma; Medeiros-Souza, P; De, Souza, Ga. The use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer's disease-a systematic review (Free full text). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. Dec 2006, 3 (4): 441–5. PMC 1697739 . PMID 17173107. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel071. ^{[永久失效链接]}
^ Perry, Ek; Pickering, At; Wang, Ww; Houghton, P; Perry, Ns. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). Winter 1998, 4 (4): 419–28. ISSN 1075-5535. PMID 9884179.
^ Iuvone, T; De, Filippis, D; Esposito, G; D'Amico, A; Izzo, Aa. The spice sage and its active ingredient rosmarinic acid protect PC12 cells from amyloid-beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity (Free full text). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Jun 2006, 317 (3): 1143–9. PMID 16495207. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099317.

A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden by Betsy Clebsch, Timber Press, 1997, ISBN 0-88192-369-9. An excellent reference on salvias. Also, an updated (2004 edition) is available.
Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M. R. 2003, Salvia Officinalis extract in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind and placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 140, p22P-22P, 1/2p

外部链接

[1] Petra Wester; Regine Claßen-Bockhoff. Pollination Syndromes of New World Salvia Species with Special Reference to Bird Pollination. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011, 98 (1): 101–155 [2015-04-07]. doi:10.3417/2007035.

[2] Kintzios, Spiridon E. 2000. Sage: the genus Salvia. Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, v. 14. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Page 27. ISBN 90-5823-005-8

[3] Clebsch, Betsy, and Betsy Clebsch. 2003. The new book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-560-8

[4] 鼠尾草花结构与传粉忠实性研究获进展. 科学网. 2011-03-16 [2011-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-25）.

[5] Salvia L.. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）.

[6] Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo, Jesús Ricardo de Santiago Gómez and Itzi Fragoso-Martínez. 2023. Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), una nueva especie con estambres exsertosde Guerrero, México / Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), A New Species with exserted stamens from Guerrero, Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana. 130: e2232. DOI: 10.21829/abm130.2023.2232

[7] Brenda Y. Bedolla-García, Sergio Zamudio and Hugo A. Castillo-Gómez. 2020. Salvia huastecana (Lamiaceae), A New Species from San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Zootaxa. 433(1); 1–8. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.1

[8] 李晓娟,韩建萍,李建秀,等.基于叶绿体psbA-trnH基因间区序列鉴定山东丹参为新种[J].药学学报, 2013, 48(8):7.DOI:CNKI:SUN:YXXB.0.2013-08-027.

[refMarushia2002-9] Marushia, Robin, Salvia divinorum: The Botany, Ethnobotany, Biochemistry and Future of a Mexican Mint (PDF), Ethnobotany, June 2003 [2007-05-04], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2003-09-03）

[10] Akhondzadeh, S; Noroozian, M; Mohammadi, M; Ohadinia, S; Jamshidi, Ah; Khani, M. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. Feb 2003, 28 (1): 53–9. ISSN 0269-4727. PMID 12605619.

[11] Dos, Santos-Neto, Ll; De, Vilhena, Toledo, Ma; Medeiros-Souza, P; De, Souza, Ga. The use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer's disease-a systematic review (Free full text). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. Dec 2006, 3 (4): 441–5. PMC 1697739 . PMID 17173107. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel071. ^{[永久失效链接]}

[12] Perry, Ek; Pickering, At; Wang, Ww; Houghton, P; Perry, Ns. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). Winter 1998, 4 (4): 419–28. ISSN 1075-5535. PMID 9884179.

[13] Iuvone, T; De, Filippis, D; Esposito, G; D'Amico, A; Izzo, Aa. The spice sage and its active ingredient rosmarinic acid protect PC12 cells from amyloid-beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity (Free full text). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Jun 2006, 317 (3): 1143–9. PMID 16495207. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099317.

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