裂褶菌

裂褶菌
裂褶菌
查看產生下列表格的真菌學模板真菌形態特徵
	子實層上有菌褶
	無明顯蕈傘
	子實層連接方式無規律或無適當分類
	無蕈柄及裸露
	孢印白色
	異養腐生真菌或寄生真菌
	未知

裂褶菌
科學分類
界：	真菌界 Fungi
門：	擔子菌門 Basidiomycota
綱：	傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes
目：	傘菌目 Agaricales
科：	裂褶菌科 Schizophyllaceae
屬：	裂褶菌屬 Schizophyllum
種：	裂褶菌 S. commune
二名法
	Schizophyllum commune; Fr. (1815)
異名
	Agaricus alneus L. (1755); Agaricus alneus Reichard (1780); Agaricus multifidus Batsch (1786); Apus alneus (L.) Gray (1821); Merulius alneus (L.) J.F.Gmel. (1792); Merulius alneus (Reichard) Schumach. (1803); Merulius communis (Fr.) Spirin & Zmitr. (2004); Schizophyllum alneum J.Schröt. (1889); Schizophyllum alneum (Reichard) Kuntze (1898); Schizophyllum commune var. multifidum (Batsch) Cooke (1892); Schizophyllum multifidum (Batsch) Fr. (1875) ;

裂褶菌（學名：Schizophyllum commune）是裂褶菌屬的一種真菌，為該屬的模式種，在世界各地均有分布^[1]，常生長於腐木上^[2]，可能是造成木材腐爛的一種木腐真菌^[3]。本種的蕈傘較小，直徑為1—4公分，帶有白色或灰色的小毛，呈疊狀生長，不具有蕈柄^[4]；蕈褶外形為本種名稱來源^[5]，自中央呈輻射狀分割，顏色為白色至奶黃色，在乾燥時會破裂。疏水蛋白（英語：Hydrophobin）最早即為自裂褶菌中分離^[6]。

裂褶菌可能為一複合種，包含許多分布範圍較小、尚未被拆分出來的隱存種^[7]。本種的基因組已於2010年被完整定序^[8]。

裂褶菌可食與否尚具爭議，因其體積過小且韌性太強，有學者認為其不適合食用^[9]。但墨西哥與馬來西亞等熱帶地區常有食用本種的紀錄，可能是因軟質的真菌在炎熱、潮濕的地方太易腐爛而難以販售，因而當地更傾向食用裂褶菌等韌性強的蕈類^[3]^[10]。

裂褶菌也有感染人類肺部與鼻竇而致病的紀錄^[11]^[4]。

參考文獻

^ Kuo, M. Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom Expert. 2003 [18 February 2020].
^ Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am, Developments in Fungal Taxonomy, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jul 1999, 12 (3): 454–500, ISSN 0893-8512, PMC 100249 , PMID 10398676, doi:10.1128/CMR.12.3.454
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Takemoto, Shuhei; Nakamura, Hitoshi; Imamura, Yuji; Shimane, Takanori. Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ. 2010, 44 (4): 357–364. doi:10.6090/jarq.44.357.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2012: 131–132. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
^ Mahajan, Monika. Etymologia: Schizophyllum commune. Emerg. Infect. Dis. March 2022, 28 (3): 725. PMC 8888233 . S2CID 247097577. doi:10.3201/eid2803.211051 . Citing public domain text from the CDC.
^ Wessels, Jgh.; De Vries, Omh.; Asgeirsdottir, S. A.; Schuren, Fhj. Hydrophobin Genes Involved in Formation of Aerial Hyphae and Fruit Bodies in Schizophyllum.. The Plant Cell. 1991-08-01, 3 (8): 793–799. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 160046 . PMID 12324614. doi:10.1105/tpc.3.8.793.
^ Taylor, John; Turner, Elizabeth; Townsend, Jeffrey; Dettman, Jeremy; Jacobson, David. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2006, 361 (1475): 1947–1963. PMC 1764934 . PMID 17062413. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1923.
^ Robin A Ohm; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E; et al, Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune, Nature Biotechnology, Jul 2010, 28 (9): 957–63, PMID 20622885, doi:10.1038/nbt.1643 
^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. 2006: 139. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
^ Ruán-Soto, F.; Garibay-Orijel, R.; Cifuentes, J. Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006, 2 (1): 3. PMC 1360659 . PMID 16393345. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-3 .
^ Chowdhary, A; Kathuria, S; Agarwal, K; Meis, JF. Recognizing filamentous basidiomycetes as agents of human disease: A review. Med Mycol. Nov 2014, 52 (8): 782–97. PMID 25202126. doi:10.1093/mmy/myu047 .

[1] Kuo, M. Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom Expert. 2003 [18 February 2020].

[2] Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am, Developments in Fungal Taxonomy, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jul 1999, 12 (3): 454–500, ISSN 0893-8512, PMC 100249 , PMID 10398676, doi:10.1128/CMR.12.3.454

[Takemoto-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Takemoto, Shuhei; Nakamura, Hitoshi; Imamura, Yuji; Shimane, Takanori. Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ. 2010, 44 (4): 357–364. doi:10.6090/jarq.44.357.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2012: 131–132. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.

[5] Mahajan, Monika. Etymologia: Schizophyllum commune. Emerg. Infect. Dis. March 2022, 28 (3): 725. PMC 8888233 . S2CID 247097577. doi:10.3201/eid2803.211051 . Citing public domain text from the CDC.

[6] Wessels, Jgh.; De Vries, Omh.; Asgeirsdottir, S. A.; Schuren, Fhj. Hydrophobin Genes Involved in Formation of Aerial Hyphae and Fruit Bodies in Schizophyllum.. The Plant Cell. 1991-08-01, 3 (8): 793–799. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 160046 . PMID 12324614. doi:10.1105/tpc.3.8.793.

[7] Taylor, John; Turner, Elizabeth; Townsend, Jeffrey; Dettman, Jeremy; Jacobson, David. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2006, 361 (1475): 1947–1963. PMC 1764934 . PMID 17062413. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1923.

[8] Robin A Ohm; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E; et al, Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune, Nature Biotechnology, Jul 2010, 28 (9): 957–63, PMID 20622885, doi:10.1038/nbt.1643 

[Miller_2006-9] Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. 2006: 139. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.

[Ruan-Soto-10] Ruán-Soto, F.; Garibay-Orijel, R.; Cifuentes, J. Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006, 2 (1): 3. PMC 1360659 . PMID 16393345. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-3 .

[11] Chowdhary, A; Kathuria, S; Agarwal, K; Meis, JF. Recognizing filamentous basidiomycetes as agents of human disease: A review. Med Mycol. Nov 2014, 52 (8): 782–97. PMID 25202126. doi:10.1093/mmy/myu047 .

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