脂鯉科
（重新導向自企鹅鱼属）
脂鯉科 | |
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| 一條巴氏絲尾脂鯉（Nematobrycon palmeri）和三條霓虹脂鯉（Paracheirodon innesi） | |
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| 布氏半線脂鯉（Hemigrammus bleheri） | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 條鰭魚綱 Actinopteri |
| 目： | 脂鯉目 Characiformes |
| 科： | 脂鯉科 Characidae Latreille, 1825 |
| 屬 | |
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見內文 | |
脂鯉科（學名：Characidae，又譯作擬鯉科、鮭鯉科、加拉辛科、加辛拉科），為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目中最大的一科。是主要為原產於美洲及非洲熱帶或亞熱帶的淡水魚。[2]
分類
[編輯]脂鯉科下分156個屬，如下：[3]
- 阿氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax agassizii
- 白細脂鯉 Aphyocharax alburnus
- 安氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax anisitsi
- 委內瑞拉細脂鯉 Aphyocharax colifax
- 大牙細脂鯉 Aphyocharax dentatus
- 淡紅細脂鯉 Aphyocharax erythrurus
- 細脂鯉 Aphyocharax gracilis
- 納氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax natterei
- 巴拉圭細脂鯉 Aphyocharax paraguayensis
- 柔弱細脂鯉 Aphyocharax pusillus
- 拉氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax rathbuni
- 耶瓦細脂鯉 Aphyocharax yekwanae
- 克氏青脂鯉 Inpaichthys kerri
- 溪青脂鯉 Inpaichthys nambiquara 舊名：溪光尾裙魚
- Inpaichthys parauapiranga
- 白副角脂鯉 Paragoniates alburnus
- 大鱗短腺脂鯉 Phenagoniates macrolepis
- 奇石脂鯉 Xenagoniates bondi
- 紋吸魚 Aphyodite grammica
- 亞馬遜細石脂鯉 Leptobrycon jatuarane
- 美目小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon callops
- 南美小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon casiquiare
- 長小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon elongatus
- 蓋氏小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon geisleri
- 巴西小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon guaporensis
- 黑背小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon melanotus
- 邁氏小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon meyburgi
- 亞馬遜河銳齧脂鯉 Oxybrycon parvulus
- 圓鱗佩力克脂鯉 Parecbasis cyclolepis
- 背斑泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus
- 鈎牙泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon hamatus
- Tyttobrycon shibattai Abrahão, Pastana & Marinho, 2019[4]
- 大刺泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon spinosus
- 興氏泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon xeruini
- 唇齧脂鯉 Chilobrycon deuterodon
- 惠氏唇脂鯉 Henochilus wheatlandii
- 小鱗刺脂鯉 Acanthocharax microlepis
- 尖粘鱸 Acestrocephalus acutus
- 哥倫比亞粘鱸 Acestrocephalus anomalus
- 貝氏粘鱸 Acestrocephalus boehlkei
- 斑粘鱸 Acestrocephalus maculosus
- 黑紋粘鱸 Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus
- 蒼白粘鱸 Acestrocephalus pallidus
- 沙丁粘鱸 Acestrocephalus sardina
- 點斑粘鱸 Acestrocephalus stigmatus
- 阿普雷桂脂鯉 Charax apurensis
- Charax awa Guimarães, De Brito, Ferreira & Ottoni, 2018[5]
- 尾斑桂脂鯉 Charax caudimaculatus
- 康得氏桂脂鯉 Charax condei
- 駝背桂脂鯉 Charax gibbosus
- 半線桂脂鯉 Charax hemigrammus
- 萊氏桂脂鯉 Charax leticiae
- 大鱗桂脂鯉 Charax macrolepis
- 米塔桂脂鯉 Charax metae
- 邁克爾氏桂脂鯉 Charax michaeli
- 黑桂脂鯉 Charax niger
- 南美桂脂鯉 Charax notulatus
- 少輻桂脂鯉 Charax pauciradiatus
- 魯氏桂脂鯉 Charax rupununi
- 窄鰭桂脂鯉 Charax stenopterus
- 猛桂脂鯉 Charax tectifer
- 單班桂脂鯉 Charax unimaculatus
- 亞馬遜犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus amazonus
- 銀犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus argenteus
- 阿特拉托犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus atratoensis
- 雙斑犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus bipunctatus
- 圭亞那犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus essequibensis
- 古氏犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus gouldingi
- 朱氏犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus juruenae
- 金氏犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus kincaidi
- 旋遊犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus magdalenae
- 圖康廷斯犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus tocatinensis
- 委內瑞拉犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus venezuelae
- 麗體犬齒河脂鯉 Cynopotamus xinguano）
- 亞馬遜河鹿齒魚 Exodon paradoxus
- 半帶吸寶蓮魚 Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus
- 吉氏寶蓮魚 Cheirodontops geayi
Ctenocheirodon屬
[編輯]- 側帶矮寶蓮魚 Nanocheirodon insignis
- 巴西焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus ankoseion
- 布氏焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus broccae
- 小尾焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus leptoura
- 乳突焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus papilliferus
- 雙線匕齧魚 Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911)，基異名：Hasemania bilineata Ellis, 1911
- 伯氏裸脂鯉 Gymnocharacinus bergii
- 阿杜亞蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes adujai
- 蓋氏蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes geisleri
- 細身蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes gracilis
- 多鱗蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes polylepis
- 珀氏蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes purusii
- 雷氏蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes rachovii
- 點斑蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes spilurus
- 雜色蜥形脂鯉 Iguanodectes variatus
- 艾氏頭脂鯉 Carlana eigenmanni (Meek, 1912)，基異名：Cheirodon eigenmanni Meek, 1912
- 科斯塔氏線紋脂鯉 Nematocharax costai Bragança, Barbosa & Mattos, 2013[9]
- 維納斯線紋脂鯉 Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986[10]
- 安芬小脂鯉 Salminus affinis
- 大顎小脂鯉 Salminus brasiliensis
- 法蘭西斯小脂鯉 Salminus francisacanus
- 希氏小脂鯉 Salminus hilarii
- 科氏短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus copei
- 厄瓜多爾短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus nummus
- 圭亞那短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus orbicularis
- 巴西短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus parnaibae
- Brachychalcinus reisi Garcia-Ayala, Ohara, Pastana & Benine, 2017[11]
- 後刺短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus retrospina
- 巴西直棘脂鯉 Orthospinus franciscensis
- 短棘銀鞍脂鯉 Poptella brevispina
- 窄身銀鞍脂鯉 Poptella compressa
- 長鰭銀鞍脂鯉 Poptella longipinnis
- 巴拉圭銀鞍脂鯉 Poptella paraguayaensis
- 列牙脂鯉 Stichonodon insignis
Stevardiinae亞科
[編輯]- 喬科白肋脂鯉 Argopleura chocoensis
- 小頭白肋脂鯉 Argopleura conventus
- 迪克白肋脂鯉 Argopleura diquensis
- 黑帶白肋脂鯉 Argopleura magdalenensis
- 奧利脂鯉 Aulixidens eugeniae
- 弗氏貝基脂鯉 Boehlkea fredcochui
- 南美齧魚 Caiapobrycon tucuri
- 賓氏角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia binghami
- 隱紋角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia delotaenia
- 厄瓜多爾角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia elatior
- 瓊氏角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia joanae
- 鈍吻角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia obtusirostris
- 里氏劍尾脂鯉 Corynopoma riisei
- 阿來格藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax alegretensis
- 河棲藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax dicropotamicus
- 巴西藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax itaimbe
- 碎鱗藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax lepiclastus
- 秀美藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax tipiaia
- 藍色藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax obi
- 烏拉圭藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax uruguayensis
- 黑尾裙魚 Gephyrocharax atracaudatus
- 高加裙魚 Gephyrocharax caucanus
- 夏帕裙魚 Gephyrocharax chaparae
- 喬科裙魚 Gephyrocharax chocoensis
- 間裙魚 Gephyrocharax intermedius
- 大裙魚 Gephyrocharax major
- 苦裙魚 Gephyrocharax martae
- 黑裙魚 Gephyrocharax melanocheir
- 南美裙魚 Gephyrocharax sinuensis
- 壯裙魚 Gephyrocharax valencia
- 委內瑞拉裙魚 Gephyrocharax venezuelae
- 惠氏裙魚 Gephyrocharax whaleri
- 巴西宮脂鯉 Hysteronotus megalostomus
- 早熟齧脂鯉 Iotabrycon praecox
- 厄瓜多爾蘭脂鯉 Landonia latidens
Lepidocharax屬
[編輯]- 韋氏冠石脂鯉 Lophiobrycon weitzmani
- Monotocheirodon drilos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- Monotocheirodon duda Carvalho, Thomaz, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros, 2024[12]
- Monotocheirodon kontos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- 皮爾遜氏單寶蓮魚 Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924
- 阿根廷侏脂鯉 Nantis indefessus
- 單牙脂鯉 Odontostoechus lethostigmus
- 艾氏帆鰭脂鯉 Othonocheirodus eigenmanni
- 漢氏盜脂鯉 Phenacobrycon henni
- 嵴腹脂鯉 Pseudocorynopoma doriae
- 異嵴腹脂鯉 Pseudocorynopoma heterandria
- Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi Malabarba, Chuctaya, Hirschmann, Oliveira & Thomaz, 2020[13]
- 喜溪褶脂鯉 Ptychocharax rhyacophila
- 南美大吻石脂鯉 Rhinobrycon negrensis
- 飾妝輪唇脂鯉 Trochilocharax ornatus
- 科氏泰托脂鯉 Tyttocharax cochui
- 亞馬遜泰托脂鯉 Tyttocharax madeirae
- 梅塔河泰托脂鯉 Tyttocharax metae
- 秘魯泰托脂鯉 Tyttocharax tambopatensis
- 錐牙奇腺尾脂鯉 Xenurobrycon coracoralinae
- 異齒奇腺尾脂鯉 Xenurobrycon heterodon
- 大眼奇腺尾脂鯉 Xenurobrycon macropus
- 多鈎奇腺尾脂鯉 Xenurobrycon polyancistrus
- 巴西奇腺尾脂鯉 Xenurobrycon pteropus
- Tetragonopterus anostomus
- 阿瓜亞河大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
- 銀大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816[14]
- 卡氏大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus carvalhoi
- 金大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus chalceus
- 小齒大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus denticulatus
- Tetragonopterus franciscoensis
- 喬氏大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus georgiae
- Tetragonopterus juruena
- Tetragonopterus kuluene
- Tetragonopterus ommatus
- 罕見大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus rarus
- Tetragonopterus signatus
- 斯氏頜脂鯉 Gnathocharax steindachneri
- 戈氏武脂鯉 Hoplocharax goethei
- 鰳形矛脂鯉 Lonchogenys ilisha
地位未定（incertae sedis）
[編輯]- 穆氏擬麗脂鯉 Astyanacinus moorii
- 多牙擬麗脂鯉 Astyanacinus multidens
- 普拉滕擬麗脂鯉 Astyanacinus platensis
- Astyanacinus yariguies
- 內格羅河怪脂鯉 Atopomesus pachyodus
- 斯氏巴里奧脂鯉 Bario steindachneri
- 巴氏布拉姆脂鯉 Bramocharax baileyi
- 勃氏布拉姆脂鯉 Bramocharax bransfordii ，尼加拉瓜布拉姆脂鯉
- 卡氏布拉姆脂鯉 Bramocharax caballeroi
- 多氏布拉姆脂鯉 Bramocharax dorioni
- 南美小齧脂鯉 Bryconella pallidifrons (Fowler, 1946)
- 亞馬遜大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus epakros
- 紅銅大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus erythrurus
- 條紋大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus fasciatus
- 瓜波雷大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus guaporensis
- 巴西大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus latus
- 大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus macrolepidotus
- 汙斑大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus spilogyros
- 條帶大鱗脂鯉 Chalceus taeniatus
- 阿氏櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon alleni
- 祕魯櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus
- 多輻櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon multiradiatus
- Ctenobrycon oliverai
- 斑點櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon spilurus
- 杏色咬齧魚 Dectobrycon armeniacus
- 副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon iguape
- 蘭格氏副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon langei
- 長吻副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon longirostris
- 駝背副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon parahybae
- 波塔副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon potaroensis
- 玫瑰副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon rosae
- 南美副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon singularis
- 眼點副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon stigmaturus
- 巴西副齒脂鯉 Deuterodon supparis
- 似鯷鯡脂鯉 Engraulisoma taeniatum
Erythrocharax屬
[編輯]- Erythrocharax altipinnis Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, de Sousa, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2013[16]
- 希氏裸身脂鯉 Gymnotichthys hildae
- 巴西光尾裙魚 Hasemania crenuchoides
- 漢氏光尾裙魚 Hasemania hanseni
- 卡龍光尾裙魚 Hasemania kalunga
- 頜光尾裙魚 Hasemania maxillaris
- 黑色光尾裙魚 Hasemania melanura
- 銀頂光尾裙魚 Hasemania nana
- 黏滑光尾裙魚 Hasemania piatan
- 多帶南美荷蘭魚 Hollandichthys multifasciatus
- 特拉曼達伊河南美荷蘭魚 Hollandichthys taramandahy
- 梅氏食蚊脂鯉 Lignobrycon myersi
- 里氏墨西石脂鯉 Mixobrycon ribeiroi
- 巴西黏眼魚 Myxiops aphos
- 小口寡石脂鯉 Oligobrycon microstomus
- 尖吻寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus acutirostris
- 銀寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus argenteus
- 玻利維亞寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus bolivianus
- 短寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus brevioris
- 貪食寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus hepsetus
- 伊塔烏河寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus itau
- 傑卡河寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus jacuiensis
- 詹氏寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus jenynsii
- 長吻寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus longirostris
- 大鱗寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus macrolepis
- 米尼茲寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus menezesi
- 少鱗寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus oligolepis
- 巴那拉河寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus paranensis
- 巴西寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus perdido
- 平托氏寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus pintoi
- 南美寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus planaltinae
- 紅寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus robustus
- 謝氏寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus schindleri
- 沼澤寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus solitarius
- 阿氏霓虹脂鯉 Paracheirodon axelrodi ：又稱南美霓虹脂鯉、紅蓮燈。
- 霓虹脂鯉 Paracheirodon innesi ：又稱英氏霓虹脂鯉、日光燈。
- 類霓虹脂鯉 Paracheirodon simulans ：又稱綠蓮燈。
- 珀蒂魚 Petitella georgiae
- 碧背莖齧脂鯉 Phallobrycon adenacanthus
- Pristella ariporo Conde-Saldaña, Albornoz-Garzón, García-Melo, Villa-Navarro, Mirande & Lima, 2019[17]
- 大顎細鋸脂鯉 Pristella maxillaris ：又稱大頷細鋸脂鯉。
- 奇口脂鯉 Probolodus heterostomus
- 肯氏飾紋脂鯉 Psellogrammus kennedyi
- 厄瓜多爾擬蜥脂鯉 Pseudochalceus bohlkei
- 凱氏擬蜥脂鯉 Pseudochalceus kyburzi
- 線紋擬蜥脂鯉 Pseudochalceus lineatus
- 長臀擬蜥脂鯉 Pseudochalceus longianalis
- 南美舒爾茨脂鯉 Schultzites axelrodi
- 大頭裂脂鯉 Scissor macrocephalus
- 梅氏鋸石脂鯉 Serrabrycon magoi
- 盲眼冥脂鯉 Stygichthys typhlops
- 南美鰶脂鯉 Thrissobrycon pectinifer
亞科未定
[編輯]Cyanogaster屬
[編輯]- Cyanogaster noctivaga Mattox, Britz, Toledo-Piza & Marinho, 2013[19]
Phycocharax屬
[編輯]- Phycocharax rasbora Ohara, Mirande & Lima, 2017[21]
參考資料
[編輯]
- ^ FishBase (2011)
- ^ Berra, Tim M. Freshwater Fish Distribution. University of Chicago Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-226-04443-9.
- ^ Characidae. GBIF. [2023-05-30]. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-27）.
- ^ Vitor Pimenta Abrahão, Murilo Pastana and Manoela Marinho. 2019. On A Remarkable Sexual Dimorphic Trait in the Characiformes related to the Olfactory Organ and Description of A New Miniature Species of Tyttobrycon Géry (Characiformes: Characidae). PLoS ONE. 14(12): e0226130. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226130
- ^ Erick Cristofore Guimarães, Pâmella Silva De Brito, Beldo Rywllon Abreu Ferreira and Felipe Polivanov Ottoni. 2018. A New Species of Charax (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 94(1): 83-93. DOI: 10.3897/zse.94.22106
- ^ Malabarba, L.R.; Weitzman, S.H. (1999). A new genus and species of South American fishes (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) with a derived caudal fin, including comments about inseminating cheirodontines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 112: 410-431.
- ^ Cristina M. Bührnheim, Tiago P. Carvalho, Luiz R. Malabarba and Stanley H. Weitzman. 2008. A New Genus and Species of Characid Fish from the Amazon Basin - the Recognition of A Relictual Lineage of Characid Fishes (Ostariophysi: Cheirodontinae: Cheirodontini). Neotrop. ichthyol. 6(4); DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252008000400016
- ^ Pearson, N. E. (1924). The fishes of the eastern slope of the Andes. I. The fishes of the Rio Beni basin, Bolivia, collected by the Mulford expedition. Indiana University Studies. v. 11 (no. 64): 1-83, Pls. 1-12.
- ^ Bragança, P.H.N.d., Barbosa, M.A. & Mattos, J.L. 2013. A New Nematocharax Species from the middle Contas River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 63 (1): 3-8.
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