雅典大瘟疫
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雅典大瘟疫是一場在大約公元前430年左右爆發的一場瘟疫，發生在伯羅奔尼撒戰爭的第二年，幾乎摧毀了希臘城邦，據說這場瘟疫導致將近過半的古希臘人慘死當中。一般認為瘟疫是從比雷埃夫斯進入雅典的，比雷埃夫斯是雅典的港口，也是唯一食物及補給的來源。地中海東部的許多地區也有發生瘟疫，但影響較小[1]。瘟疫後來又在公元前429年及西元前427（426）年的冬天出現。目前提出可能造成這次瘟疫的病原體已達30種[2]。
參見
[編輯]參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.48.1
- ^ Manolis J. Papagrigorakis, Christos Yapijakis, and Philippos N.Synodinos, 『Typhoid Fever Epidemic in Ancient Athens,』 in Didier Raoult, Michel Drancourt, Paleomicrobiology: Past Human Infections, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008 pp.161-173.
- Dixon B. "Ebola in Greece?" British Medical Journal (1996), 313–430.
- McNeill, William H. Plagues and People. New York: Anchor Books, 1976. ISBN 0-385-12122-9.
- Pomeroy, Sarah B. Spartan Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-513067-7.
- Zinsser, Hans. Rats, Lice and History: A Chronicle of Pestilence and Plagues. Boston,1935; New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 1996. ISBN 1-884822-47-9.
外部連結
[編輯]- Papagrigorakis, MJ; Yapijakis, C; Synodinos, PN; Baziotopoulou-Valavani, E. DNA examination of ancient dental pulp incriminates typhoid fever as a probable cause of the Plague of Athens. Int. J. Infect. Dis. May 2006, 10: 206–14. PMID 16412683. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2005.09.001. and the reply to it by Shapiro et al. Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2013-02-02
- History of the Peloponnesian War 2.47–55.
- ^ Live Science article （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Accessed January 23, 2006.
- Women in Classical Athens