水塔花屬
水塔花屬
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|---|---|
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| Billbergia | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 單子葉植物 Monocots |
| 演化支： | 鴨跖草類植物 Commelinids |
| 目： | 禾本目 Poales |
| 科： | 鳳梨科 Bromeliaceae |
| 亞科： | 鳳梨亞科 Bromelioideae |
| 屬： | 水塔花屬 Billbergia |
水塔花屬（學名：Billbergia）是鳳梨科下的一個屬，為無莖草本植物。該屬共有約60種，分佈於熱帶美洲。[1] 水塔花屬植物需要充足的陽光，但過強的陽光會造成葉色變黃，甚至造成日曬病，所以陽光太強時需要遮蔭。生長適溫大約攝氏20到28度，超過30度會使開花減少。冬天進入休眠期後，溫度低於10至15度時會造成花期後延，高於20度也會影響來年生長。
下屬物種
[編輯]本屬包括以下物種：
- Billbergia acreana H. Luther - Acre
- Billbergia alfonsi-joannis Reitz - from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina
- Billbergia amandae W.Weber - 巴西，可能已滅絕
- Billbergia ambigua (L.B.Sm. & Read) Betancur & N.R.Salinas - Antioquia
- Billbergia amoena (Loddiges) Lindley - Brazil
- Billbergia brachysiphon L.B. Smith - Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
- Billbergia bradeana L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
- 巴西水塔花 Billbergia brasiliensis L.B. Smith - Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia buchholtzii Mez - Brazil, but probably extinct
- Billbergia cardenasii L.B. Smith - 玻利維亞
- Billbergia castelensis E. Pereira - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia chlorantha L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia × claudioi Leme - 巴西
- Billbergia cylindrostachya Mez - Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia dasilvae Leme - Rondônia
- Billbergia decora Poeppig & Endlicher - Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
- Billbergia distachya (Vellozo) Mez - southern Brazil
- Billbergia domingosmartinsis E.Gross - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia elegans Martius ex Schultes f. - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia eloiseae L.B. Smith & R.W. Read - Colombia
- Billbergia euphemiae E. Morren - southeastern Brazil
- 台灣水塔花 Billbergia formosa Ule - Peru
- Billbergia horrida Regel - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia incarnata (Ruiz & Pavón) Schultes f. - Peru
- Billbergia iridifolia (Nees & Martius) Lindley - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia issingiana T. Krömer & E. Gross - 玻利維亞
- Billbergia jandebrabanderi R. Vásquez & Ibisch - Bolivia
- Billbergia kautskyana E. Pereira - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia kuhlmannii L.B. Smith - Brazil, Bolivia
- Billbergia laxiflora L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia leptopoda L.B. Smith - Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia lietzei E. Morren - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia lymanii E. Pereira & Leme - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia macracantha E. Pereira - Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia macrocalyx Hooker - Bahia, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia macrolepis L.B. Smith - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, 委內瑞拉, Guyana
- Billbergia magnifica Mez - Brazil, Paraguay
- Billbergia manarae Steyermark - 委內瑞拉
- Billbergia meyeri Mez - Brazil, Bolivia
- Billbergia microlepis L.B. Smith - Bolivia
- Billbergia minarum L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia morelii Brongniart - 巴西東部
- Billbergia nana E. Pereira - Bahia, Espírito Santo
- 垂花水塔花 Billbergia nutans H. Wendland ex Regel：見於巴西、阿根廷、烏拉圭及巴拉圭。
- Billbergia oxysepala Mez - Acre, Ecuador
- Billbergia pallidiflora Liebmann - Mexico and Central America from Sinaloa to Nicaragua
- Billbergia pohliana Mez - Minas Gerais
- Billbergia porteana Brongniart ex Beer - Brazil, Paraguay
- 紅筆鳳梨 Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindley：巴西、委內瑞拉、法屬圭亞那、小安的列斯群島及古巴；亦已在毛里裘斯歸化。
紅筆鳳梨 - Billbergia reichardtii Wawra - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia robert-readii E. Gross & Rauh - Peru
- Billbergia rosea hortus ex Beer - Trinidad, Venezuela
- Billbergia rubicunda Mez - Suriname
- Billbergia rupestris L.B. Smith - Colombia, Acre
- Billbergia sanderiana E. Morren - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia seidelii L.B. Smith & Reitz - Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia stenopetala Harms - Ecuador, 秘魯
- Billbergia tessmannii Harms - 秘魯
- Billbergia tweedieana Baker - 巴西東南部
- Billbergia velascana M. Cardenas - 玻利維亞
- Billbergia violacea Beer - Guianas, Brazil
- 綠花水塔花 Billbergia viridiflora H. Wendland - Belize, Guatemala, Tabasco
- 條紋水塔花 Billbergia vittata Brongniart：見於巴西東部
- Billbergia zebrina (Herbert) Lindley - Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中國數字植物標本館. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-11）.