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5-羥甲基胞嘧啶

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5-羥甲基胞嘧啶
Skeletal formula of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Ball-and-stick model of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine molecule
IUPAC名
4-Amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one
識別
CAS號 1123-95-1  checkY
PubChem 70751
ChemSpider 63916
SMILES
 
  • C1=NC(=O)NC(=C1CO)N
InChI
 
  • 1/C5H7N3O2/c6-4-3(2-9)1-7-5(10)8-4/h1,9H,2H2,(H3,6,7,8,10)
InChIKey RYVNIFSIEDRLSJ-UHFFFAOYAT
ChEBI 76792
性質
化學式 C5H7N3O2
摩爾質量 141.13 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

5-羥甲基胞嘧啶（5-Hydroxymethylcytosine，簡稱5hmc）是生物DNA中由胞嘧啶（C）衍生而來的一種核鹼基，其化學式為C5H7N3O2[1]，可能有調控基因表現的功能，為表觀遺傳學上重要的鹼基。5hmc最早於1952年在噬菌體DNA中被發現[2][3]，可能為噬菌體避免被細菌限制酶切割的一種機制，有些細菌則演化出可切割含5hmc序列的限制酶（如PvuRts1I）[4]。1972年此鹼基首度在哺乳類DNA中被發現，2009年有研究在人類與小鼠的腦組織DNA和胚胎幹細胞的DNA中發現5hmc[5][6]，目前已知大多數的哺乳類細胞中可能均含有5hmc，但含量不一，在中樞神經系統的神經元[7][8][9]及原生殖細胞[10]中較多，且含量可能因年齡而變化[7][11]。5hmc的具體功能尚不清楚，可能與DNA去甲基化（英語：DNA demethylation）（促進基因表現）有關[12][13]。

2012年，芝加哥大學的何川實驗室發表了可對基因組中5hmc進行測序的技術TAB-seq[14][15]。

參考文獻

[編輯]
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  6. ^ Tahiliani M; et al. Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1 (PDF). Science. May 2009, 324 (5929): 930–935 [2022-01-21]. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..930T. PMC 2715015 可免費查閱. PMID 19372391. doi:10.1126/science.1170116. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2022-01-21）. 
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  11. ^ Song C-X; et al. Selective chemical labeling reveals the genome-wide distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Nat. Biotechnol. December 2010, 29 (1): 68–72. PMC 3107705 可免費查閱. PMID 21151123. doi:10.1038/nbt.1732. 
  12. ^ Guo, Junjie U.; Su, Yijing; Zhong, Chun; Ming, Guo-li; Song, Hongjun. Hydroxylation of 5-Methylcytosine by TET1 Promotes Active DNA Demethylation in the Adult Brain. Cell. 1 April 2011, 145 (3): 423–434. PMC 3088758 可免費查閱. PMID 21496894. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.022. 
  13. ^ Mellén, M; Ayata, P; Heintz, N. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine accumulation in postmitotic neurons results in functional demethylation of expressed genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Sep 2017, 114 (37): E7812–E7821. PMC 5604027 可免費查閱. PMID 28847947. doi:10.1073/pnas.1708044114 可免費查閱. 
  14. ^ Yu M, Hon GC, Szulwach KE, Song CX, Zhang L, Kim A, Li XK, Dai Q, Shen Y, Park B, Min JH, Jin P, Ren B, He C. Base-resolution analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the mammalian genome.. Cell. June 2012, 149 (6): 1368–1380. PMC 3589129 可免費查閱. PMID 22608086. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.027. 
  15. ^ Song CX, Szulwach KE, Fu Y, Dai Q, Yi C, Li X, Li Y, Chen CH, Zhang W, Jian X, Wang J, Zhang L, Looney TJ, Zhang B, Godley LA, Hicks LM, Lahn BT, Jin P, He C. Selective chemical labeling reveals the genome-wide distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Nat. Biotechnol. 2011, 29 (1): 68–72. PMC 3107705 可免費查閱. PMID 21151123. doi:10.1038/nbt.1732. 
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