普通胡桃

普通胡桃
	《科勒藥用植物》(1897), ; Juglans regia
保護狀況
	; 近危（IUCN 3.1）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支：	薔薇類植物 Rosids
目：	胡桃目 Juglandales
科：	胡桃科 Juglandaceae
屬：	胡桃屬 Juglans
種：	普通胡桃 J. regia
二名法
	Juglans regia; L.

普通胡桃（學名：Juglans regia）又名波斯胡桃、英國胡桃、胡桃、核桃，是胡桃科胡桃屬的植物，亦是最常見的胡桃的一種。在南北半球的溫帶地區廣泛栽培。由於長期的人為栽培，其自然分佈範圍不詳，據推測原產於巴爾幹半島到中國之間的區域。^[1]

利用[編輯]

胡桃是重要的木本經濟作物，其果仁營養價值豐富，含有多種微量元素和優質蛋白，是全球食用最多的堅果之一^[2]^[3]^[4]。經常食用胡桃可能改善與腦部有關的疾病和心血管疾病^[5]^[6]。胡桃油富含不飽和脂肪酸，研究表明有抗氧化和抗炎功效^[7]，也具有預防記憶障礙的作用^[8]。

成熟胡桃樹
雄花
雌花
果實
堅果
子葉
嫩芽
木材紋理
Juglans regia - Museum specimen

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Qi, Hailing; Fan, Pengzhen; Wang, Yuehua; Liu, Jie. Genetic diversity and population structure of Juglans regia from six provinces in northern China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-08-20, 31 (8): 23120. doi:10.17520/biods.2023120.
^ Amaral, JS; Casal, S; Pereira, JA; Seabra, RM; Oliveira, BP. Determination of sterol and fatty acid compositions, oxidative stability, and nutritional value of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars grown in Portugal.. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2003-12-17, 51 (26): 7698–702. PMID 14664531. doi:10.1021/jf030451d.
^ Tapia, María Isabel; Sánchez-Morgado, Juan Ramón; García-Parra, Jesús; Ramírez, Rosario; Hernández, Teresa; González-Gómez, David. Comparative study of the nutritional and bioactive compounds content of four walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2013-09, 31 (2): 232–237. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.004.
^ Wojdyło, Aneta; Turkiewicz, Igor Piotr; Tkacz, Karolina; Nowicka, Paulina; Bobak, Łukasz. Nuts as functional foods: Variation of nutritional and phytochemical profiles and their in vitro bioactive properties. Food Chemistry: X. 2022-10, 15: 100418. doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100418.
^ Chauhan, Abha; Chauhan, Ved. Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health. Nutrients. 2020-02-20, 12 (2): 550. doi:10.3390/nu12020550.
^ Liao, Jianqiao; Nai, Yifan; Feng, Li; Chen, Yimeng; Li, Mei; Xu, Huaide. Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model. Molecules. 2020-04-02, 25 (7): 1630. doi:10.3390/molecules25071630.
^ Fukuda, Toshiyuki; Ito, Hideyuki; Yoshida, Takashi. Antioxidative polyphenols from walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Phytochemistry. 2003-08, 63 (7): 795–801. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00333-9.
^ Liao, Jianqiao; Nai, Yifan; Feng, Li; Chen, Yimeng; Li, Mei; Xu, Huaide. Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model. Molecules. 2020-04-02, 25 (7): 1630. doi:10.3390/molecules25071630.

[biods.2023120-1] Qi, Hailing; Fan, Pengzhen; Wang, Yuehua; Liu, Jie. Genetic diversity and population structure of Juglans regia from six provinces in northern China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-08-20, 31 (8): 23120. doi:10.17520/biods.2023120.

[2] Amaral, JS; Casal, S; Pereira, JA; Seabra, RM; Oliveira, BP. Determination of sterol and fatty acid compositions, oxidative stability, and nutritional value of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars grown in Portugal.. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2003-12-17, 51 (26): 7698–702. PMID 14664531. doi:10.1021/jf030451d.

[3] Tapia, María Isabel; Sánchez-Morgado, Juan Ramón; García-Parra, Jesús; Ramírez, Rosario; Hernández, Teresa; González-Gómez, David. Comparative study of the nutritional and bioactive compounds content of four walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2013-09, 31 (2): 232–237. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.004.

[4] Wojdyło, Aneta; Turkiewicz, Igor Piotr; Tkacz, Karolina; Nowicka, Paulina; Bobak, Łukasz. Nuts as functional foods: Variation of nutritional and phytochemical profiles and their in vitro bioactive properties. Food Chemistry: X. 2022-10, 15: 100418. doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100418.

[5] Chauhan, Abha; Chauhan, Ved. Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health. Nutrients. 2020-02-20, 12 (2): 550. doi:10.3390/nu12020550.

[6] Liao, Jianqiao; Nai, Yifan; Feng, Li; Chen, Yimeng; Li, Mei; Xu, Huaide. Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model. Molecules. 2020-04-02, 25 (7): 1630. doi:10.3390/molecules25071630.

[7] Fukuda, Toshiyuki; Ito, Hideyuki; Yoshida, Takashi. Antioxidative polyphenols from walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Phytochemistry. 2003-08, 63 (7): 795–801. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00333-9.

[8] Liao, Jianqiao; Nai, Yifan; Feng, Li; Chen, Yimeng; Li, Mei; Xu, Huaide. Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model. Molecules. 2020-04-02, 25 (7): 1630. doi:10.3390/molecules25071630.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]