潘氏細胞
外觀
潘氏細胞(或稱帕內特細胞、Paneth cells、PCs)是起源於腸隱窩乾細胞的小腸腺特徵性細胞,與隱窩乾細胞間隔排列於小腸腺的底部,並且遍佈於整個小腸。胞體呈錐體形,胞質頂部的粗大嗜酸性顆粒的主要成分為防禦素 (80%[1])、溶菌酶、SPLA2、血管生成因子和Reg3-γ。PCs幫助宿主抵禦腸道致病微生物的侵犯,其功能性類似於嗜中性球,並且與於小腸的先天性免疫相關。當暴露於細菌或細菌抗原時,潘氏細胞會分泌防禦素等抗菌分子到小腸管腔的絨毛[2][3],幫助維持胃腸道屏障。
功能
[編輯]潘氏細胞能夠分泌腸抗菌肽、防禦素、溶菌黴素、磷脂酶和C-型凝集素等多種物質[4],有助潘氏細胞在維持腸道先天性免疫、腸道抗菌抗炎及腸上皮組織完整性等方面中發揮作用。潘氏細胞和Lgr-5陽性腸幹細胞會共同構成幹細胞巢[5],潘氏細胞可提供一些維護乾性特徵的關鍵受體或配體,如表皮生長因子、DLL4、WNT3等,從而激活相應的細胞信號通路,繼而維持Lgr-5陽性腸幹細胞的正常細胞功能[6]。潘氏細胞結構和功能的異常已被證實和腸道疾病存在密切關係[6]。
發現過程
[編輯]1872年,德國解剖學家Schwalbe首先在小腸隱窩底部觀察到一種錐體形細胞[7]。1888年,奧地利醫師約瑟夫·帕內特對這種細胞進行進一步的觀察和描述,該細胞被命名為潘氏細胞。
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Salzman, NH; Underwood, MA; Bevins, CL. Paneth cells, defensins, and the commensal microbiota: a hypothesis on intimate interplay at the intestinal mucosa.. Seminars in immunology. 2007-04, 19 (2): 70–83 [2019-11-18]. PMID 17485224. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.04.002.
- ^ Wilson, CL; Ouellette, AJ; Satchell, DP; Ayabe, T; López-Boado, YS; Stratman, JL; Hultgren, SJ; Matrisian, LM; Parks, WC. Regulation of intestinal alpha-defensin activation by the metalloproteinase matrilysin in innate host defense.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1999-10-01, 286 (5437): 113–7 [2019-11-18]. PMID 10506557. doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.113.
- ^ Ayabe, T; Satchell, DP; Wilson, CL; Parks, WC; Selsted, ME; Ouellette, AJ. Secretion of microbicidal alpha-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria.. Nature immunology. 2000-08, 1 (2): 113–8 [2019-11-18]. PMID 11248802. doi:10.1038/77783.
- ^ Bevins, CL; Salzman, NH. Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.. Nature reviews. Microbiology. 2011-05, 9 (5): 356–68 [2019-11-18]. PMID 21423246. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2546.
- ^ Sato, Toshiro; van Es, Johan H.; Snippert, Hugo J.; Stange, Daniel E.; Vries, Robert G.; van den Born, Maaike; Barker, Nick; Shroyer, Noah F.; van de Wetering, Marc; Clevers, Hans. Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts. Nature. 2010-11-28, 469 (7330): 415–418 [2019-11-18]. doi:10.1038/nature09637. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-08).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Nakamura, Kiminori; Ayabe, Tokiyoshi. Paneth cells and stem cells in the intestinal stem cell niche and their association with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation and Regeneration. 2012, 32 (2): 053–060. doi:10.2492/inflammregen.32.053.
- ^ Sandow, MJ; Whitehead, R. The Paneth cell.. Gut. 1979-05, 20 (5): 420–31 [2019-11-18]. PMID 381125. doi:10.1136/gut.20.5.420.