特拉卡埃萊爾

特拉卡埃萊爾
特拉卡埃萊爾
	特拉卡埃萊爾曾是阿茲特克將軍（特拉科奇卡爾卡特爾，Tlacochcalcatl）
出生	1397年; 特諾奇蒂特蘭
逝世	1487年
居住地	特諾奇蒂特蘭
頭銜	特諾奇蒂特蘭將軍
配偶	馬基斯特辛
兒女	卡卡馬特辛; 特利爾波敦卡特辛; 希赫波波卡特辛
父母	維齊利維特爾; 卡卡瑪西瓦特爾女王

特拉卡埃萊爾（納瓦特爾語：Tlācaēllel，1397－1487），阿茲特克王族，阿茲特克三方同盟的建設者，自15世紀20年代開始終身擔任阿茲特克帝國的首席顧問^[2]^[3]。他是特拉托阿尼維齊利維特爾和卡卡瑪西瓦特爾女王的兒子，伊茲科瓦特爾之侄。

在伊茲科瓦特爾統治年間，他被任命為將軍（特拉科奇卡爾卡特爾），在15世紀20年代和特帕內克人作戰期間被擢升為國王的首席顧問，稱為西瓦科瓦特爾。他終身擔任這一職務，輔佐過四代君王。

特拉卡埃萊爾在思想上強調阿茲特克人是被眾神選中的子民，定戰神維齊洛波奇特利為守護神^[4]。他極其強調軍事^[5]，為賦予軍事活動以宗教意義，他提出榮冠戰爭，並擴大人祭規模。

他強制推行節約令，禁止平民穿戴奢侈服飾，以鞏固貴族地位。他亦實施焚書，銷毀阿茲特克人遷居前的當地史料^[6]^[7]。

阿茲特克國家在特拉卡埃萊爾主政期間達到國力巔峰。他於1487年逝世。特拉卡埃萊爾逝世後，阿茲特克帝國繼續向北方的奇奇梅克和南方的瑪雅土地進軍^[8]。

參考資料

^ Sometimes Tlacaélel's birth year is listed as 1398; see, e.g.: Mann, Charles C. (2005), 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, New York: Knopf, p. 118, ISBN 1-4000-4006-X.
^ Durán, Diego, History of the Indies of New Spain, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994, pp. 74–101, ISBN 0-8061-2649-3.
^ Malmstrom, Vincent H. (1997), Cycles of the Sun, Mysteries of the Moon: The Calendar in Mesoamerican Civilization, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, p. 238, ISBN 0-292-75196-6.
^ Brotherston, Gordon (1974), "Huitzilopochtli and What Was Made of Him", p. 159 in Hammond, Norman (ed.) (1974), Mesoamerican Archaeology - New Approaches: Proceedings of a Symposium on Mesoamerican Archaeology held by the University of Cambridge Centre of Latin American Studies, August 1972, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, pp. 155–66, ISBN 0-292-75008-0.
^ Burke, John Francis (2002), Mestizo Democracy: The Politics of Crossing Borders, College Station: Texas A & M University Press, p. 137, ISBN 1-58544-208-9.
^ Ostler, Nicholas (2005), Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World, New York: HarperCollins, p. 354 ISBN 0-06-621086-0.
^ Madrid Codex, VIII, 192v, as quoted in León-Portilla, p. 155. León-Portilla, Miguel. Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind. Civilization of the American Indian series, no. 67. Jack Emory Davis (trans.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1963. OCLC 181727. Note that León-Portilla finds Tlacaelel to be the instigator of this burning, despite lack of specific historical evidence.
^ Schroeder, Susan. Talcaelel Remembered: Mastermind of the Aztec Empire. University of Oklahoma Press. 2016.

[1] Sometimes Tlacaélel's birth year is listed as 1398; see, e.g.: Mann, Charles C. (2005), 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, New York: Knopf, p. 118, ISBN 1-4000-4006-X.

[2] Durán, Diego, History of the Indies of New Spain, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994, pp. 74–101, ISBN 0-8061-2649-3.

[3] Malmstrom, Vincent H. (1997), Cycles of the Sun, Mysteries of the Moon: The Calendar in Mesoamerican Civilization, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, p. 238, ISBN 0-292-75196-6.

[4] Brotherston, Gordon (1974), "Huitzilopochtli and What Was Made of Him", p. 159 in Hammond, Norman (ed.) (1974), Mesoamerican Archaeology - New Approaches: Proceedings of a Symposium on Mesoamerican Archaeology held by the University of Cambridge Centre of Latin American Studies, August 1972, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, pp. 155–66, ISBN 0-292-75008-0.

[5] Burke, John Francis (2002), Mestizo Democracy: The Politics of Crossing Borders, College Station: Texas A & M University Press, p. 137, ISBN 1-58544-208-9.

[6] Ostler, Nicholas (2005), Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World, New York: HarperCollins, p. 354 ISBN 0-06-621086-0.

[7] Madrid Codex, VIII, 192v, as quoted in León-Portilla, p. 155. León-Portilla, Miguel. Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind. Civilization of the American Indian series, no. 67. Jack Emory Davis (trans.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1963. OCLC 181727. Note that León-Portilla finds Tlacaelel to be the instigator of this burning, despite lack of specific historical evidence.

[8] Schroeder, Susan. Talcaelel Remembered: Mastermind of the Aztec Empire. University of Oklahoma Press. 2016.

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