细菌小RNA

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细菌小RNA可与其他RNA或蛋白质结合以影响其功能

细菌小RNA（Bacterial small RNA，简称sRNA）泛指细菌中长50至500nt的非编码RNA，通常具有许多茎环等结构[1][2]，在大肠杆菌[3][4]、沙门氏菌[5]、金黄色葡萄球菌[6]、黄单胞菌[7]、根瘤菌[8]与蓝绿菌[9]等常见细菌中均有发现。最早发现的细菌小RNA为1984年在大肠杆菌中发现的MicF RNA[10]，可抑制外膜蛋白ompF之mRNA的转译，并使其mRNA被降解[11]，不久后又在金黄色葡萄球菌发现了另一种小RNARNAIII（英语：RNAIII），可影响其毒素的合成与释放[10]。目前已有超过6000种细菌小RNA经RNA测序等技术被发现[12]。

小RNA可与细菌的其他RNA或蛋白质结合，影响基因表现，调控代谢、感染、对环境反应与细胞结构等[5][6]，与蛋白质结合后可调控其功能，例如6S RNA（英语：6S RNA）可与RNA聚合酶结合以调控转录、tmRNA与转录停滞的核糖体结合以启动反式转译、4.5S RNA（信号识别颗粒RNA）组成信号识别颗粒以调控蛋白质的释放[13][14]。许多mRNA结合后可能借由阻挡或开启核糖体结合位点而影响其转译[15]，还有些小RNA为顺式作用元件，是由编码mRNA基因的另一股DNA转录产生，因此序列和该基因mRNA互补，可抑制其表现[16]。

许多小RNA在细菌面临低温、缺铁、缺氮、缺乏养分或DNA受损等压力时会大量表现[14]，可能与细菌的抗逆境反应有关[17]，例如蓝绿菌在缺氮时会表现NsiR1、NsiR8、NsiR9等小RNA[18]，可促进细胞分化成可固氮的异形细胞（英语：heterocyst）[19]；另外许多小RNA和细菌的致病能力有关，如金黄色葡萄球菌的RNAIII影响其毒素代谢，大肠杆菌的小RNA DsrA可促进外排泵（英语：efflux pump）的表现而增加其对抗生素的抗性[20]；有些小RNA还可影响细菌之间的交互作用，例如弧菌的小RNA（Qrr sRNA）可调控群体感应[21][22]，绿脓杆菌的小RNA SbrA为其形成生物薄膜所需[23] 。

参考文献[编辑]

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  11. ^ Delihas N, Forst S. MicF: an antisense RNA gene involved in response of Escherichia coli to global stress factors. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2001, 313 (1): 1–12. PMID 11601842. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5029. 
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  13. ^ Wassarman KM. 6S RNA: a small RNA regulator of transcription. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. April 2007, 10 (2): 164–168. PMID 17383220. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.03.008. 
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  18. ^ Ionescu, D; Voss, B; Oren, A; Hess, WR; Muro-Pastor, AM. Heterocyst-specific transcription of NsiR1, a non-coding RNA encoded in a tandem array of direct repeats in cyanobacteria.. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2010, 398 (2): 177–188. PMID 20227418. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.03.010. hdl:10261/112252. 
  19. ^ Brenes-Álvarez, Manuel; Olmedo-Verd, Elvira; Vioque, Agustín; Muro-Pastor, Alicia M. Identification of Conserved and Potentially Regulatory Small RNAs in Heterocystous Cyanobacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016-01-01, 7: 48. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4734099 可免费查阅. PMID 26870012. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00048. 
  20. ^ Dersch, Petra; Khan, Muna A.; Mühlen, Sabrina; Görke, Boris. Roles of Regulatory RNAs for Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria and Their Potential Value as Novel Drug Targets. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017, 8: 803. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 5418344 可免费查阅. PMID 28529506. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00803. 
  21. ^ Lenz DH, Mok KC, Lilley BN, Kulkarni RV, Wingreen NS, Bassler BL. The small RNA chaperone Hfq and multiple small RNAs control quorum sensing in Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae. Cell. 2004, 118 (1): 69–82. PMID 15242645. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.06.009. 
  22. ^ Bardill JP, Zhao X, Hammer BK. The Vibrio cholerae quorum sensing response is mediated by Hfq-dependent sRNA/mRNA base-pairing interactions. Mol Microbiol. April 2011, 80 (5): 1381–1394. PMID 21453446. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07655.x. 
  23. ^ Taylor, Patrick K.; Van Kessel, Antonius T. M.; Colavita, Antonio; Hancock, Robert E. W.; Mah, Thien-Fah. A novel small RNA is important for biofilm formation and pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLOS One. 2017, 12 (8): e0182582. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5542712 可免费查阅. PMID 28771593. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182582. 
蛋白质生物合成
RNA加工
基因表达调控
顺式调控元件
寄生
其他
遗传学索引
描述
疾病

外部链接[编辑]

  1. ^ 引证错误：没有为名为:4的参考文献提供内容
  2. ^ Sassi, Mohamed; Augagneur, Yoann; Mauro, Tony; Ivain, Lorraine; Chabelskaya, Svetlana; Hallier, Marc; Sallou, Olivier; Felden, Brice. SRD: a Staphylococcus regulatory RNA database. RNA. May 2015, 21 (5): 1005–1017. ISSN 1469-9001. PMC 4408781 可免费查阅. PMID 25805861. doi:10.1261/rna.049346.114. 
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=細菌小RNA&oldid=81835944”