五氟碲酸

五氟碲酸
	Space-filling model
	IUPAC名; Pentafluoroorthotelluric acid
英文名	Teflic acid
识别
CAS号	57458-27-2
PubChem	15243876
ChemSpider	10331773
SMILES	F[Te](F)(F)(F)(F)O;
InChI	1/F5HOTe/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6/h6H;
InChIKey	OAOSLENTGBMCNC-UHFFFAOYAO
性质
化学式	HF5OTe
摩尔质量	239.6 g·mol⁻¹
外观	无色固体
熔点	39.1 °C（312 K）
沸点	59.7 °C（333 K）
危险性
	GHS危险性符号;
GHS提示词	危险
H-术语	H314, H318
P-术语	P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
主要危害	腐蚀性，有毒
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

五氟碲酸是一种无机化合物，化学式为HOTeF₅。它是原碲酸（Te(OH)₆）的五个羟基被氟取代的产物，具有强酸性。它有稍微扭曲的八面体几何构型。

制备

五氟碲酸最初于1964年由恩格尔布雷希特和斯拉德基偶然发现，他们试图通过碲酸钡和氟磺酸的反应制备二氟二氧化碲（TeO₂F₂），但未得到期望的产物，得到了一些挥发性的碲化合物，其中包含五氟碲酸（HOTeF₅）。^[1]

后来，霍里曼等人通过氟磺酸和碱式碲酸钡的反应来制备五氟碲酸：^[2]

5HOSO₂F + BaO₂Te(OH)₄ → HOTeF₅ + 4 H₂SO₄ + BaSO₄

它也是六氟化碲的最初水解产物：^[3]

TeF₆ + H₂O → HOTeF₅ + HF

性质

五氟碲酸和原碲酸混合加热，可以得到顺式及反式的(HO)₂TeO₄和(HO)_xTeF_6−x。^[4]它和NF₄HF₂在低温反应，可以得到FOTeF₅：^[5]

HOTeF₅ + NF₄HF₂ → FOTeF₅ + NF₃ + 2 HF

它和磺酰氟氯或一氟化氯反应，可以得到ClOTeF₅：^[6]

HOTeF₅ + ClX → ClOTeF₅ + HX （X=F或OSO₂F）

它的无机或有机盐是已知的^[7]^[8]，它也可以形成酸式盐，其中含有[H(OTeF₅)₂]⁻。^[9]

它和三乙基铝、氯甲烷反应，可以得到[(CH₃)₂Cl][Al(OTeF₅)₄]，它是一种很强的甲基化试剂。^[10]

8 HOTeF₅ + Al₂(C₂H₅)₆ + 2 CH₃Cl → 2 [(CH₃)₂Cl][Al(OTeF₅)₄] + 2 HCl + 6 C₂H₆

参考文献

^ Engelbrecht, A.; Sladky, F. Pentafluoro-orthotellursäure, HOTeF5. Angewandte Chemie (Wiley). 1964-05-07, 76 (9): 379–380. ISSN 0044-8249. doi:10.1002/ange.19640760912 （德语）.
^ Wiberg, Egon. Inorganic chemistry. San Diego Berlin New York: Academic Press De Gruyter. 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5. OCLC 48056955 （英语）.
^ Ushakov, O. S.; Kalashnikov, A. L.; Matyukha, V. A.; Smagin, A. A.; Ushakova, T. V.; Kozlova, R. D. Study of products of hydrolysis of tellurium hexafluoride. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya. 2003, (6): 25–28. ISSN 0021-3438 （俄语）.
^ Pötter, Brigitte; Lentz, Dieter; Pritzkow, Hans; Seppelt, Konrad. gem-Bis(halogenoxy)-Verbindungen auscis- undtrans- Tetrafluorodioxotellur(VI)säure, (HO)2TeF4. Angewandte Chemie (Wiley). 1981, 93 (12): 1095–1096. ISSN 0044-8249. doi:10.1002/ange.19810931227 （德语）.
^ Schack, Carl J.; Wilson, William W.; Christe, Karl O. Synthesis and characterization of tellurium fluoride hypofluorite (TeF5OF). Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1983, 22 (1): 18–21. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00143a005 （英语）.
^ Schack, Carl J.; Christe, Karl O. New syntheses of pentafluorotellurium hypochlorite. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry (Elsevier BV). 1982, 21 (3): 393–396. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81525-0 （英语）.
^ Miller, P. K.; Abney, K. D.; Rappe, A. K.; Anderson, O. P.; Strauss, S. H. Electronic and molecular structure of pentafluorooxotellurate(1-). Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1988, 27 (13): 2255–2261. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00286a010 （英语）.
^ Crossman, Martin C.; Hope, Eric G.; Saunders, Graham C. Cyclopentadienyl metal teflate (OTeF5) complexes. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1996, (4): 509. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/dt9960000509 （英语）.
^ Strauss, Steven H.; Abney, Kent D.; Anderson, Oren P. An unusual hydrogen bond between oxygen atoms: preparation and characterization of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen bis(pentafluorooxotellurate). Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1986, 25 (16): 2806–2812. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00236a030 （英语）.
^ Hämmerling, Sebastian; Thiele, Günther; Steinhauer, Simon; Beckers, Helmut; Müller, Carsten; Riedel, Sebastian. A Very Strong Methylation Agent: [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (Wiley). 2019-07-15, 58 (29): 9807–9810. ISSN 1433-7851. doi:10.1002/anie.201904007 （英语）.

拓展阅读

Herbers, S.; Obenchain, D. A.; Kraus, P.; Wachsmuth, D.; Grabow, J.-U. Blurring out hydrogen: The dynamical structure of teflic acid. The Journal of Chemical Physics (AIP Publishing). 2018-05-21, 148 (19): 194307. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.5027487 （英语）.
The Chemistry of Highly Electronegative OTeF₅ Group (PDF). Jayantha Amarasekera. 1986-05-06 [2021-08-14]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-02-10）.

[1] Engelbrecht, A.; Sladky, F. Pentafluoro-orthotellursäure, HOTeF5. Angewandte Chemie (Wiley). 1964-05-07, 76 (9): 379–380. ISSN 0044-8249. doi:10.1002/ange.19640760912 （德语）.

[Holl-2] Wiberg, Egon. Inorganic chemistry. San Diego Berlin New York: Academic Press De Gruyter. 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5. OCLC 48056955 （英语）.

[3] Ushakov, O. S.; Kalashnikov, A. L.; Matyukha, V. A.; Smagin, A. A.; Ushakova, T. V.; Kozlova, R. D. Study of products of hydrolysis of tellurium hexafluoride. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya. 2003, (6): 25–28. ISSN 0021-3438 （俄语）.

[4] Pötter, Brigitte; Lentz, Dieter; Pritzkow, Hans; Seppelt, Konrad. gem-Bis(halogenoxy)-Verbindungen auscis- undtrans- Tetrafluorodioxotellur(VI)säure, (HO)2TeF4. Angewandte Chemie (Wiley). 1981, 93 (12): 1095–1096. ISSN 0044-8249. doi:10.1002/ange.19810931227 （德语）.

[5] Schack, Carl J.; Wilson, William W.; Christe, Karl O. Synthesis and characterization of tellurium fluoride hypofluorite (TeF5OF). Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1983, 22 (1): 18–21. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00143a005 （英语）.

[6] Schack, Carl J.; Christe, Karl O. New syntheses of pentafluorotellurium hypochlorite. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry (Elsevier BV). 1982, 21 (3): 393–396. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81525-0 （英语）.

[7] Miller, P. K.; Abney, K. D.; Rappe, A. K.; Anderson, O. P.; Strauss, S. H. Electronic and molecular structure of pentafluorooxotellurate(1-). Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1988, 27 (13): 2255–2261. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00286a010 （英语）.

[8] Crossman, Martin C.; Hope, Eric G.; Saunders, Graham C. Cyclopentadienyl metal teflate (OTeF5) complexes. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1996, (4): 509. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/dt9960000509 （英语）.

[9] Strauss, Steven H.; Abney, Kent D.; Anderson, Oren P. An unusual hydrogen bond between oxygen atoms: preparation and characterization of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen bis(pentafluorooxotellurate). Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1986, 25 (16): 2806–2812. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00236a030 （英语）.

[10] Hämmerling, Sebastian; Thiele, Günther; Steinhauer, Simon; Beckers, Helmut; Müller, Carsten; Riedel, Sebastian. A Very Strong Methylation Agent: [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (Wiley). 2019-07-15, 58 (29): 9807–9810. ISSN 1433-7851. doi:10.1002/anie.201904007 （英语）.

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