似奇虾属
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似奇虾属![]() | |
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似奇虾的前附肢复原图 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | †恐虾纲 Dinocaridida |
目: | †放射齿目 Radiodonta |
科: | †地位未定 Incertae sedis |
属: | †似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013 |
模式种 | |
多节似奇虾 Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013
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其他物种 | |
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似奇虾属(学名:Paranomalocaris)是节肢动物门、恐虾纲、放射齿目、地位未定的一属,底下有两个物种,分别是多节似奇虾(学名:Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis)和简单似奇虾(学名:Paranomalocaris simplex)。化石在现今中国东南部的澄江化石地被发现的。[1][2]目前仅发现似奇虾的前附肢化石,身体等的部分仍不清楚,间接导致似奇虾的分类具有争议。[3]
发现
[编辑]似奇虾的标本在中国云南东部昆明高楼坊村(Gaoloufang Village)乌龙箐組(Wulongqing Formation)的关山动物群(Guanshan biota)[1][2]与关山虾属一样[1][2][4][5],在李花村(Lihua Village)附近的的李花庄阶层(Lihuazhuang section)也有发现。多节似奇虾一开始仅发现一个标本,编号为NIGP 154564[2],在李花庄段也有发现一个标本,编号为YKLP 12416。简单似奇虾则是仅在李花庄段发现标本,编号是YKLP 12417和YKLP 12418。[1]
命名
[编辑]Paranomalocaris是由“para”(相近、类似)+“Anomalocaris”(奇虾的属名);而多节似奇虾(Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis)的种小名-“multisegmentalis”是“multi”(许多)+“segmental”(一节一节的);[1]简单似奇虾(Paranomalocaris simplex)的种小名-“simplex”(简单)比起同属的多节似奇虾前附肢结构简单许多。[2]
型态
[编辑]多节似奇虾的前附肢全长32至45毫米,共有23个节,前段与末端的节,高会比宽还要长;但中段则是宽长于高。前附肢的第一节和第二节在第一次被描述同为一节,两节的末端各有一对较小的刺。在第三节到第二十二节都有一对刺,且刺的大小交替。第五和更后面的节刺上有三到六对较小的刺,大约位在刺与前附肢的连接点。在第十三到第二十二节的背缘有着六根小刺,且会逐渐变大。在最后一节有两根刺。[1][2]
简单似奇虾的前附肢全长32至33毫米,可能有超过20个节,每节的外观类似于长方形。每节都有一对类似针的刺,且愈末端愈短。在化石上虽然有发现到刺上面有着更小的刺,但是大多发现都是光滑且没有小刺在上的,在末端的节上只有一根弯曲的刺,且每个前附肢末端的三分之一的背缘都有刺。[2]
分类
[编辑]似奇虾属的分类具有争议,一种是认为是似奇虾属属于奇虾科和抱怪虫科的类群[1][2][6][7][8],另一种则是归类在放射齿目的奇虾亚目的基群物种。[9][10][3]
Joseph Moysiuk和Jean-Bernard Caron提出的分类图:[8]
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Gaëtan J.-M. Potin和Allison C. Daley提出的分类图:[3]
胡桃夹子虫属 Caryosyntrips | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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次足类 Deuteropoda | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2024年,吴雨等人经过加权分析,认为似奇虾属于奇虾科中最演化的位置:[11]
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32) [2024-06-16]. ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. (原始内容存档于2022-09-22).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66 [2024-06-17]. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. (原始内容存档于2023-04-20).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.
- ^ Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.
- ^ Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing. Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications. Biology. 2023-04-11, 12 (4). ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology12040583.
- ^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
- ^ Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-17).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.
- ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1) [2024-01-17]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. (原始内容存档于2021-10-07).
- ^ Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.
- ^ Wu, Yu; Pates, Stephen; Liu, Cong; Zhang, Mingjing; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Chai, Shu; Zhang, Xingliang; Fu, Dongjing. A new radiodont from the lower Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China informs the evolution of feeding structures in radiodonts. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2364887 (英语).
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