南美象龟属
南美象龟属
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| 黄腿象龟 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
| 目： | 龟鳖目 Testudines |
| 亚目： | 曲颈龟亚目 Cryptodira |
| 科： | 陆龟科 Testudinidae |
| 属： | 南美象龟属 Chelonoidis Fitzgerald, 1835[1][2] |
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南美象龟属（Chelonoidis）是陆龟科下的一个属。[1][2]该书的龟发现于加拉帕戈斯群岛和南美洲各地。以前被认为是象龟属（Geochelone）的成员，但最近的基因证据显示其血缘关系与折背龟属更接近。[3]它们的祖先在渐新世穿过大西洋来到美洲，[3]这可能要归功于它们可以把头露出水面漂浮并可以六个月不吃不喝的能力。[3]
其下的加拉帕戈斯象龟是世界上现存最大的陆龟，这些大型龟类在更新世时就已近在南北大陆上繁衍了。[4]
下属物种[编辑]
- 平塔岛象龟 Chelonoidis abingdonii (Günther, 1877)
- Chelonoidis alburyorum Franz & Franz, 2009
- 贝琪象龟 Chelonoidis becki (Rothschild, 1901)
- 红腿象龟 Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824)
- Chelonoidis chathamensis (Van Denburgh, 1907)
- 阿根廷象龟 Chelonoidis chilensis (Gray, 1870)：又名查科象龟
- Chelonoidis darwini (Van Denburgh, 1907)
- 黄腿象龟 Chelonoidis denticulatus (Linnaeus, 1766)[5]
- Chelonoidis dominicensis Albury et al., 2018
- Chelonoidis donfaustoi Poulakakis, Edwards & Caccone, 2015[6]
- Chelonoidis donosobarrosi Freiberg, 1973
- Chelonoidis duncanensis (Garman, 1996)
- Chelonoidis duncanensis (Pritchard, 1996)
- Chelonoidis elephantopus [7]
- Chelonoidis gersoni Viñola-López & Almonte, 2022
- Chelonoidis guntheri (Baur, 1889)
- Chelonoidis hoodensis (Van Denburgh, 1907)
- Chelonoidis lutzae Zacarias et al., 2013
- Chelonoidis marcanoi Chapman, 2017
- Chelonoidis marcanoi Turvey et al., 2017
- Chelonoidis microphyes (Günther, 1875)
- 加拉帕戈斯象龟 Chelonoidis niger (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
- 阿根廷象龟 Chelonoidis petersi Freiberg, 1973
- Chelonoidis petrocellii Agnolin, 2021
- †Chelonoidis phantasticus (Van Denburgh, 1907)
- Chelonoidis porteri (Rothschild, 1903)
- Chelonoidis vandenburghi (Desola, 1930)
- Chelonoidis vicina (Günther, 1874)
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2010. Turtles of the World 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status (PDF). 2010-12-14 [2010-12-15]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2010-12-15）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2011. Turtles of the World 2011 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status (PDF). 2011-12-31 [2012-07-30]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2012-01-22）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Le, M.; Raxworthy, C. J.; McCord, W. P.; Mertz, L. A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006-05-05, 40 (2): 517–531. PMID 16678445. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.003. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-16）.
- ^ Cione, A. L.; Tonni, E. P.; Soibelzon, L. The Broken Zig-Zag: Late Cenozoic large mammal and tortoise extinction in South America (PDF). Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 2003, 5 (1): 1–19 [2011-02-06]. ISSN 1514-5158. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06）.
- ^ Claudia Keller, Francisco Villamarín, Rafael Bernhard and Daniely Félix da Silva. 2017. Checklist of Chelonians from the upper Madeira River and the lower Madeira-Purus interfluvium (Brazilian Amazon), including A Range Expansion for Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849. Check List. 12(4); 1937-1941. DOI: 10.15560/12.4.1937
- ^ Nikos Poulakakis, Danielle L. Edwards , Ylenia Chiari, Ryan C. Garrick, Michael A. Russello, Edgar Benavides, Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Scott Glaberman, Washington Tapia, James P. Gibbs, Linda J. Cayot and Adalgisa Caccone. 2015. Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138779
- ^ Joshua M. Miller, Maud C. Quinzin, Nikos Poulakakis, James P. Gibbs, Luciano B. Beheregaray, Ryan C. Garrick, Michael A. Russello, Claudio Ciofi, Danielle L. Edwards, Elizabeth A. Hunter, Washington Tapia, Danny Rueda, Jorge Carrión, Andrés A. Valdivieso and Adalgisa Caccone. 2017. Identification of Genetically Important Individuals of the Rediscovered Floreana Galápagos Giant Tortoise (Chelonoidis elephantopus) Provide Founders for Species Restoration Program. Scientific Reports. 7, Article number: 11471. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11516-2
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