哈瓦那综合症

哈瓦那综合症
哈瓦那综合症
	哈瓦那的国家饭店（Hotel Nacional）是据报道出现该综合症的地点之一。
症状	突然听到巨大的噪音、单耳或双耳疼痛、头部有压迫感或震动感、耳鸣、视觉问题、眩晕、恶心、认知困难
类型	medically unexplained physical symptom[*]
病因	不明
分类和外部资源
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

哈瓦那综合症（英语：Havana syndrome）是一系列据称主要由美国政府官员和军事人员在国外遭遇的原因不明的医学症状。这些症状的严重程度从疼痛和耳鸣到认知困难不等^[2]^[8]，于2016年首次由美国和加拿大驻古巴哈瓦那的大使馆工作人员报告，并因而得名。2017年开始，包括美国情报和军事人员及其家属在内的更多人员在其他地方，如中国、印度新德里^[9]、欧洲和华盛顿特区^[10]，报告了这些症状。这些症状的成因和真实性仍未确定^[7]^[11]。2023年年初，美国情报界一份报告指出，哈瓦那综合症不太可能是外国的行动造成的。^[12]

参见

参考资料

^ Cuba Travel Advisory. Travel.state.gov. Department of State. 2018-01-10 [2018-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-30）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Nelson R. Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses. Lancet. December 2021, 396 (10267): 1954. PMID 33341130. S2CID 229306878. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2.
^ 'Havana syndrome' likely caused by directed microwaves - US report. BBC News. 2020-12-06 [2022-07-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-02）.
^ Broad, William J. Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers. New York Times. 2018-09-01 [2018-09-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-13）（英语）.
^
*National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; Standing Committee to Advise the Department of State on Unexplained Health Effects on U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies. Relman, David A.; Pavlin, Julie A. , 编. Consensus Study Report: An Assessment of Illness in U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (The National Academies Press). 2020 [2022-05-07]. ISBN 978-0-309-68137-7. PMID 33411434. S2CID 230639099. doi:10.17226/25889. （原始内容存档于2020-12-09）.
- New Report Assesses Illnesses Among U.S. Government Personnel and Their Families at Overseas Embassies. News Release. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020-12-05 [2022-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-02）.
- Hubler, Graham K.; Hoffman, Stuart W.; Andreadis, Tim D.; DePalma, Ralph G. Pulsed Microwave Energy Transduction of Acoustic Phonon Related Brain Injury. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020-08-04, 11: 753. PMC 7417645 . PMID 32849213. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00753 .
- Teschler, Leland. Microwaves and the Havana Syndrome. EE World Online. 2021-06-14 [2022-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-31）.
^ Gordon Corera, 'Havana syndrome' and the mystery of the microwaves （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, BBC News (September 9, 2021).
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Gaffney, Adam. The Big Misunderstanding About Havana Syndrome High-level diplomats are as prone to sociogenic illness as anyone else.. nymag.com. NY Magazine. 2021-11-08 [2021-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-08）.
^ The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics. The Economist. [2021-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-18）.
^ Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far. 2021-09-24 [2022-07-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-11）.
^ Strobel, Warren P. Havana Syndrome Attacks Widen With CIA Officer's Evacuation From Serbia. Wall Street Journal. 2021-09-28 [2021-09-28]. ISSN 0099-9660. （原始内容存档于2022-08-09）（美国英语）.
^ Bartholomew, Robert E; Baloh, Robert W. Challenging the diagnosis of 'Havana Syndrome' as a novel clinical entity. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2020-01-01, 113 (1): 7–11. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 6961165 . PMID 31672089. doi:10.1177/0141076819877553 （英语）. 已忽略未知参数|pmc-embargo-date= (帮助)
^ 美情报界报告称“哈瓦那综合症”不太可能由外敌造成（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）－法国国际广播电台

[1] Cuba Travel Advisory. Travel.state.gov. Department of State. 2018-01-10 [2018-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-30）.

[pmid33341130-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Nelson R. Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses. Lancet. December 2021, 396 (10267): 1954. PMID 33341130. S2CID 229306878. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2.

[bbc-3] 'Havana syndrome' likely caused by directed microwaves - US report. BBC News. 2020-12-06 [2022-07-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-02）.

[BroadSuspect-4] Broad, William J. Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers. New York Times. 2018-09-01 [2018-09-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-13）（英语）.

[NatAcademies-5] *National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; Standing Committee to Advise the Department of State on Unexplained Health Effects on U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies. Relman, David A.; Pavlin, Julie A. , 编. Consensus Study Report: An Assessment of Illness in U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (The National Academies Press). 2020 [2022-05-07]. ISBN 978-0-309-68137-7. PMID 33411434. S2CID 230639099. doi:10.17226/25889. （原始内容存档于2020-12-09）.
New Report Assesses Illnesses Among U.S. Government Personnel and Their Families at Overseas Embassies. News Release. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020-12-05 [2022-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-02）.

Hubler, Graham K.; Hoffman, Stuart W.; Andreadis, Tim D.; DePalma, Ralph G. Pulsed Microwave Energy Transduction of Acoustic Phonon Related Brain Injury. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020-08-04, 11: 753. PMC 7417645 . PMID 32849213. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00753 .

Teschler, Leland. Microwaves and the Havana Syndrome. EE World Online. 2021-06-14 [2022-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-31）.

[6] New Report Assesses Illnesses Among U.S. Government Personnel and Their Families at Overseas Embassies. News Release. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020-12-05 [2022-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-02）.

[7] Hubler, Graham K.; Hoffman, Stuart W.; Andreadis, Tim D.; DePalma, Ralph G. Pulsed Microwave Energy Transduction of Acoustic Phonon Related Brain Injury. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020-08-04, 11: 753. PMC 7417645 . PMID 32849213. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00753 .

[8] Teschler, Leland. Microwaves and the Havana Syndrome. EE World Online. 2021-06-14 [2022-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-31）.

[Corera-6] Gordon Corera, 'Havana syndrome' and the mystery of the microwaves （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, BBC News (September 9, 2021).

[Intelligencer-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Gaffney, Adam. The Big Misunderstanding About Havana Syndrome High-level diplomats are as prone to sociogenic illness as anyone else.. nymag.com. NY Magazine. 2021-11-08 [2021-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-08）.

[The_Economist-8] The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics. The Economist. [2021-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-18）.

[9] Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far. 2021-09-24 [2022-07-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-11）.

[Strobel-10] Strobel, Warren P. Havana Syndrome Attacks Widen With CIA Officer's Evacuation From Serbia. Wall Street Journal. 2021-09-28 [2021-09-28]. ISSN 0099-9660. （原始内容存档于2022-08-09）（美国英语）.

[2020Bartholomew-11] Bartholomew, Robert E; Baloh, Robert W. Challenging the diagnosis of 'Havana Syndrome' as a novel clinical entity. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2020-01-01, 113 (1): 7–11. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 6961165 . PMID 31672089. doi:10.1177/0141076819877553 （英语）. 已忽略未知参数|pmc-embargo-date= (帮助)

[12] 美情报界报告称“哈瓦那综合症”不太可能由外敌造成（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）－法国国际广播电台

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