粗面玄武岩

粗面玄武岩（英語：Trachybasalt）是一種介於粗面岩和玄武岩之間的火山岩。它類似於玄武岩，但含有高含量的鹼金屬氧化物。粗面玄武岩中的礦物質包括鹼性長石、鈣質斜長石、橄欖石、單斜輝石，可能還有極少量的白榴石或方沸石 ^[1]。

敘述

當隱晶岩質（細粒）火成岩的二氧化矽含量約為 49% 且總鹼金屬氧化物含量約為 6% 時，它被歸類為粗面玄武岩。在TAS 圖的 S1 區域。粗面玄武岩又分為富鈉夏威夷岩和富鉀粗面玄武岩，夏威夷岩的鈉鉀重量比為Na₂O>K₂O+2 ^[2]^[3]^[4] 。粗面玄武岩的侵入岩是二長岩 ^[5]。

QAPF分類圖表上沒有定義粗面玄武岩，這圖表是根據長石和石英的相對含量對結晶火成岩進行分類。然而，美國地質調查局將粗面玄武岩定義為鎂鐵質火山岩（由超過 35% 的鎂鐵質礦物組成，其岩石中的石英-長石-似長石部分中石英小於 20%和長石小於 10%，斜長石佔長石總含量的 65% 至 90% ^[6]。

產処

粗面玄武岩在大陸火山活動中很多，在一些海洋島嶼上也有^[7]。在埃特納火山^[8]和泰勒山（新墨西哥州）皆盛產^[9]。它也在火星上的蓋爾隕石坑中被發現^[10]。

參考文獻

^ Trachybasalt
^ Le Bas, M. J.; Streckeisen, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks". Journal of the Geological Society. 148 (5): 825–833. Bibcode:1991JGSoc.148..825L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.4446. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825. S2CID 28548230. Trachybasalt
^ "Rock Classification Scheme - Vol 1 - Igneous" (PDF). British Geological Survey: Rock Classification Scheme. 1: 1–52. 1999.
^ Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–143. ISBN 9780521880060.
^ Forsythe, Nathan; Spry, Paul; Thompson, Michael (15 January 2019). "Petrological and Mineralogical Aspects of Epithermal Low-Sulfidation Au- and Porphyry Cu-Style Mineralization, Navilawa Caldera, Fiji". Geosciences. 9 (1): 42. doi:10.3390/geosciences9010042
^ "Geologic units containing Trachybasalt". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 3 June 2022
^ Allaby, Michael (2013). "trachybasalt". A dictionary of geology and earth sciences (Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199653065
^ Orlando, Andrea D'Orazio; Armienti, Pietro; Borrini, Daniele (29 August 2008). "Experimental determination of plagioclase and clinopyroxene crystal growth rates in an anhydrous trachybasalt from Mt Etna (Italy)". European Journal of Mineralogy. 20 (4): 653–664. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1841
^ Goff, Fraser; Kelley, Shari A.; Goff, Cathy J.; McCraw, David J.; Osburn, G. Robert; Lawrence, John R.; Drakos, Paul G.; Skotnicki, Steven J. (2019). "Geologic map of the Mount Taylor volcano area, New Mexico". New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Geologic Map. 80
^ Edwards, Peter H.; Bridges, John C.; Wiens, Roger; Anderson, Ryan; Dyar, Darby; Fisk, Martin; Thompson, Lucy; Gasda, Patrick; Filiberto, Justin; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Blaney, Diana; Hutchinson, Ian (14 September 2017). "Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. doi:10.1111/maps.12953

[”2”-1] Trachybasalt

[”3”-2] Le Bas, M. J.; Streckeisen, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks". Journal of the Geological Society. 148 (5): 825–833. Bibcode:1991JGSoc.148..825L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.4446. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825. S2CID 28548230. Trachybasalt

[”4”-3] "Rock Classification Scheme - Vol 1 - Igneous" (PDF). British Geological Survey: Rock Classification Scheme. 1: 1–52. 1999.

[”5”-4] Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–143. ISBN 9780521880060.

[”6”-5] Forsythe, Nathan; Spry, Paul; Thompson, Michael (15 January 2019). "Petrological and Mineralogical Aspects of Epithermal Low-Sulfidation Au- and Porphyry Cu-Style Mineralization, Navilawa Caldera, Fiji". Geosciences. 9 (1): 42. doi:10.3390/geosciences9010042

[”7”-6] "Geologic units containing Trachybasalt". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 3 June 2022

[”8”-7] Allaby, Michael (2013). "trachybasalt". A dictionary of geology and earth sciences (Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199653065

[”9”-8] Orlando, Andrea D'Orazio; Armienti, Pietro; Borrini, Daniele (29 August 2008). "Experimental determination of plagioclase and clinopyroxene crystal growth rates in an anhydrous trachybasalt from Mt Etna (Italy)". European Journal of Mineralogy. 20 (4): 653–664. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1841

[”10”-9] Goff, Fraser; Kelley, Shari A.; Goff, Cathy J.; McCraw, David J.; Osburn, G. Robert; Lawrence, John R.; Drakos, Paul G.; Skotnicki, Steven J. (2019). "Geologic map of the Mount Taylor volcano area, New Mexico". New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Geologic Map. 80

[”11”-10] Edwards, Peter H.; Bridges, John C.; Wiens, Roger; Anderson, Ryan; Dyar, Darby; Fisk, Martin; Thompson, Lucy; Gasda, Patrick; Filiberto, Justin; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Blaney, Diana; Hutchinson, Ian (14 September 2017). "Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. doi:10.1111/maps.12953

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