祖熊屬

祖熊屬; 化石時期：23–5.3 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	熊科 Ursidae
屬：	†祖熊屬 Ursavus; Schlosser, 1899
模式種
	†Ursavus brevirhinus; Hofmann, 1887
Species
	†Ursavus brevirhinus (Hofmann, 1887); †Ursavus primaevus (Gaillard, 1899); †Ursavus intermedius (Koenigswald, 1925); †Ursavus pawniensis (Frick, 1926); †Ursavus ehrenbergi (Brunner, 1942); †Ursavus sylvestris (Qiu & Qi, 1990); †Ursavus isorei (Ginsburg & Morales, 1998); †Ursavus tedfordi (Zhanxiang et al., 2014);

祖熊屬（學名：Ursavus）是熊科已滅絕的一個屬，生活於2300萬至530萬年前中新世的北美和歐亞大陸^[2]^[3]，是現代熊屬生物的祖先^[4]。它在2000萬年前從亞洲大陸遷徙到北美^[5]。

種

該屬共發現11種，總體來看，其體型小，與現代的狼相似。^[4] 黎明熊（U. elmensis）^[6]是該屬第一個種^[7]^[8]。但後來它和U. depereti一起被劃出本屬，黎明熊分入安盧熊屬（Ballusia），後者則被分入郊熊貓屬（Agriarctos）^[4]。

2006年7月中國甘肅臨夏回族自治州廣河縣官坊鄉槐溝村發現的戴氏祖熊（U. tedfordi）的頭骨化石，為世界上首次發現的完整祖熊頭骨^[1]^[4]。1985年山東臨朐縣山旺發現的東方祖熊（U. orientalis）化石保存情況也很好^[9]。但有研究者認為東方祖熊其實不屬於祖熊屬，而是屬於安盧熊屬^[1]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2014, 52 (3): 265–302.
^ Kurten, Bjorn. Pleistocene bears of North America I: Genus Tremarctos, spectacled bears. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1966, 115: 1–120.
^ Crusafont, M.; Kurten, B. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1976, 144: 1–29.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 古脊椎動物與古人類研究所. 古脊椎所发现现生熊类的最近祖先化石. 中國科學院. 2014-08-04 [2021-06-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-05）.
^ Zhanxiang, Qiu. Dispersals of Neogene carnivorans between Asia and North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2003, 279 (279): 18–31. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0018:C>2.0.CO;2.
^ Derocher, Andrew E.; Ian Stirling. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management. A selection of papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management. February 1989, 8: 189–204 (1990). JSTOR 3872919.
^ McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution (PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-11-15）.
^ Derocher, A. E.; Lynch, W. Polar Bears: A complete guide to their biology and behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012.
^ Yang, Hong; Shipu Yang. The Shanwang fossil biota in eastern China: a Miocene Konservat-Lagerstätte in lacustrine deposits. Lethaia. December 1994, 27 (4): 345–354. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1994.tb01585.x.

[qiuetal2014-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2014, 52 (3): 265–302.

[Kurten_1966-2] Kurten, Bjorn. Pleistocene bears of North America I: Genus Tremarctos, spectacled bears. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1966, 115: 1–120.

[Crusafont_&_Kurten_1976-3] Crusafont, M.; Kurten, B. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1976, 144: 1–29.

[中科-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 古脊椎動物與古人類研究所. 古脊椎所发现现生熊类的最近祖先化石. 中國科學院. 2014-08-04 [2021-06-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-05）.

[5] Zhanxiang, Qiu. Dispersals of Neogene carnivorans between Asia and North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2003, 279 (279): 18–31. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0018:C>2.0.CO;2.

[Derocher_Stirling-6] Derocher, Andrew E.; Ian Stirling. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management. A selection of papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management. February 1989, 8: 189–204 (1990). JSTOR 3872919.

[McLellan-7] McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution (PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-11-15）.

[8] Derocher, A. E.; Lynch, W. Polar Bears: A complete guide to their biology and behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012.

[Yang-9] Yang, Hong; Shipu Yang. The Shanwang fossil biota in eastern China: a Miocene Konservat-Lagerstätte in lacustrine deposits. Lethaia. December 1994, 27 (4): 345–354. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1994.tb01585.x.

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