拜占庭历

拜占庭历是一套拜占庭（东罗马）帝国与东正教会历史上使用过的历法，历史上被称作“自创世以来的罗马年（古希臘語：Ἔτη Γενέσεως Κόσμου κατὰ Ῥωμαίους）”或“创世年（古希腊语：Ἔτος Κτίσεως Κόσμου）”或“世界年（古希腊语：Ἔτος Κόσμου）”。东正教的普世牧首辖区于约公元691年至1728年，拜占庭帝国官方于988年-1453年，罗斯诸国于约988年-约1700年使用这套历法，其他受拜占庭影响较大的国家，如塞尔维亚、保加利亚历史上也曾使用这种历法。

这套历法与儒略历基本相同，主要区别有两点，一是以每年9月1日为新年第一天，纪年法则采用世界纪元，即以上帝创世的第一天为纪年之始。拜占庭宗教界以《旧约圣经》七十士译本中的记载为基础推算的上帝创世之年相当于公元前5509年，拜占庭历的第一年为前5509年9月1日-前5508年8月31日。

外部鏈接

• Main feasts and commemorations. Orthodox Church of America. [2018-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-09）. 
• Byzantine ways of reckoning time
• Calendar Era: Late Antiquity and Middle Ages: Christian era （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at SMSO Encyclopedia (Saudi Medical Site Online).
• Howlett, J. Biblical Chronology （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In, The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
• Chronology of the Biblical Patriarchs.
• Church Calendar at Orthodoxwiki.

Hebrew calendar

• The Era of the Creation at Jewish Encyclopedia.
• The Jewish Calendar （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Karl Hagen (medievalist).

更多閱讀

一手來源

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• 宣信者狄奧法內斯. The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Cyril Mango, Roger Scott, Geoffrey Greatrex (Eds.). Oxford University Press, 1997.
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二手來源

21世紀

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20世紀

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19世紀以及更早

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• Samuel Abraham Poznański. "Ben Meir and the Origin of the Jewish Calendar". in The Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Oct., 1897), pp. 152–161.
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• Thomas Spencer Baynes. "Chronology: Era of the Creation of the World.” The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature. 9th Ed., Vol. 5. A. & C. Black, 1833. pp. 709–754.