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索南·旺秋
索南·旺秋，摄于2017年
出生 (1966-09-01) 1966年9月1日（58歲）
 印度拉达克地区
国籍 印度
公民权 印度
教育程度机械工程学士
母校National Institute of Technology Srinagar（英语：National Institute of Technology Srinagar）
Craterre（英语：Craterre）
组织Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh
知名于Ice Stupa（英语：Ice Stupa）, SECMOL（英语：SECMOL）, Ladags Melong, 拉達克
奖项Global Award for Sustainable Architecture（英语：Global Award for Sustainable Architecture） (2017)[1]
Rolex Awards for Enterprise（英语：Rolex Awards for Enterprise） (2016)[2]
Real Heroes Award（英语：Real Heroes Award） (2008)
Ashoka Fellowship for Social Entrepreneurship（英语：Ashoka (non-profit organization)） (2002)[3]
拉蒙·麦格塞塞奖 (2018)[3]

索南·旺秋 (1966年9月6日—) 是一位印度工程师、教育家[4][5][6][7][8][9] 。He is the founding-director of the Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh (SECMOL), which was founded in 1988 by a group of students who had been in his own words, the ‘victims’ of an alien education system foisted on Ladakh.[10][11] He is also known for designing the SECMOL campus that runs on solar energy and uses no fossil fuels for cooking, lighting or heating.[12][13][14]

Wangchuk was instrumental in the launch of 拉達克 in 1994, a collaboration of government, village communities and the civil society to bring reforms in the government school system.[15] 他发明了冰佛塔（英语：Ice Stupa）技术，制造人工冰川， 将冬季的水储存为锥形冰堆[16][17][18]。

早年生活

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1966年，旺秋出生于拉达克列城县。由于村里没有学校，他在9岁时才开始上学。在此之前，他的母亲用自己的母语教他所有的基础知识。[19]

Wangchuk considers himself lucky to have been spared the pains of schooling in alien languages which other Ladakhi children were forced to learn.[15] His father Sonam Wangyal, a politician who later became the minister in state government, was stationed in 斯利那加. At age 9, he was taken to Srinagar and enrolled in a school there. Since he looked different compared to the other students, he would get addressed in a language that he did not understand. Due to which his lack of responsiveness was mistaken for him being stupid. He recalls this period as the darkest part of his life. Unable to bear the treatment, in 1977 he escaped alone to 德里 where he pleaded his case to the school principal at Vishesh Kendriya Vidyala（英语：Kendriya Vidyalaya）.[2]

旺秋于1987年在斯利那加国立理工学院获得机械工程专业的学士学位[20]。由于与父亲在专业选择的问题上存在分歧，他只好自己出钱支付学习所需费用。他还于2011年在法国格勒诺布尔的Craterre建筑学院攻读了两年的土木建筑专业[21]。

生涯

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In 1988, after his graduation Wangchuk with his brother and five peers, started Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh (SECMOL). After experimenting with school reforms in government high school at Saspol（英语：Saspol）, SECMOL launched 拉達克 in collaboration with the government education department and the village population.[15][3][5]

From June 1993 until August 2005, Wangchuk also founded and worked as the editor of Ladakh’s only print magazine Ladags Melong[10][3] In 2001, he was appointed to be an advisor for the education in the Hill Council Government.[22] In 2002, together with other NGO heads, he founded Ladakh Voluntary Network (LVN), a network of Ladakhi NGOs, and served in its Executive committee as the Secretary till 2005. He was appointed to the Drafting Committee of the Ladakh Hill Council Government（英语：Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh）’s Vision Document Ladakh 2025（英语：Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh） and entrusted with the formulation of the policy on Education and Tourism in 2004.[23] The document was formally launched by 曼莫汉·辛格, the 印度总理 in 2005. In 2005, Wangchuk was appointed as a member in the National Governing Council for Elementary Education in the Ministry of Human Resource Development（英语：Ministry of Human Resource Development）, 印度政府.[23]

From 2007-2010, Wangchuk worked as an Education Advisor for MS（英语：Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke）, a Danish NGO working to support the Ministry of Education (Nepal)（英语：Ministry of Education (Nepal)） for education reforms.[24]

In late 2013, Wangchuk invented and built a prototype of the Ice Stupa（英语：Ice Stupa） which is an artificial glacier that stores the wasting stream waters during the winters in the form of giant ice cones or 窣堵坡, and releases the water during late spring as they start melting, which is the perfect time when the farmers need water.[25] He was appointed to the Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education（英语：Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education） in 2013. In 2014, he was appointed to the Expert panel for framing the J&K State Education Policy and Vision Document. Since 2015, Sonam has started working on establishing Himalayan Institute of Alternatives. He is concerned about how most of the Universities, especially those in the mountains have become irrelevant to realities of life.[26]

In 2016, Wangchuk initiated a project called FarmStays Ladakh, which provides tourists to stay with local families of Ladakh, run by mothers and middle-aged women. The project was officially inaugurated by 直貢噶舉 on 18 June 2016.[27]

创新

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SECMOL campus

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Main building of SECMOL campus（英语：SECMOL）

Wangchuk has been helping in designing and overseeing the construction of several passive solar mud buildings in mountain regions like Ladakh, 尼泊尔, 锡金邦 so that energy savings principles are implemented on a larger scale. Even in -30 Celsius winters, his solar-powered school, built with the rammed earth, keeps the students warm.[11][28][29]

Led by Wangchuk, SECMOL（英语：SECMOL） has won the International Terra Award for best building in July 2016 at the 12th World Congress on Earthen Architecture in Lyon, France.[30] Times The rammed earth ‘Big Building’, located at SECMOL. The campus was built using simple, low-cost traditional techniques on principles of passive solar architecture.[11] The building comprises a big solar-heated teaching hall, along with several rooms for the students and other classrooms.[19]

冰佛塔

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Phyang寺附近的冰佛塔

2014年1月，旺秋启动了一个名为“冰佛塔”的项目，目的为在自然冰川融水开始流淌之前，在4月和5月这两个关键的种植季节，为拉达克的农民们找到一个解决用水危机的办法。到2014年2月底，他们成功建造了一个两层的冰佛塔原型，可以储存大约15万升冬季溪水，但当时没有人想要。[31][15][32][33]

2015年，拉达克发生山体滑坡，堵住了藏斯卡的Phugtal河，形成15公里长的湖泊，对下游居民造成巨大威胁。旺楚克提议采用虹吸技术将湖水排空，并采用喷水冲刷的方式安全切边，而不是按计划对湖泊进行爆破。然而，他的建议没有被采纳，爆破工作继续进行。2015年5月7日，湖水终于爆发山洪，冲毁了12座桥梁和多处水田。[34][35][36]

2016年，旺楚克开始在高海拔冰川湖泊应用 "冰佛塔 "技术进行减灾。他应锡金政府邀请，为该邦的另一个危险湖泊使用虹吸技术。2016年9月，他带队前往锡金西北部的Lhonak冰川湖进行了为期三周的考察，该湖在过去几年中被宣布为危险湖泊[37]。他的团队冒着雨雪，在湖边扎营两周，在采取其他措施之前，安装了虹吸系统的第一阶段，将湖水排到较安全的水平[38][39]。

2016年底，“冰佛塔”的构想得到了瑞士阿爾卑斯山脈有关部门的重视。旺楚克受瑞士恩加丁蓬特雷西纳市长的邀请，决定建造冰佛塔，为其冬季旅游景点增光添彩[40]。2016年10月，旺楚克和他的团队前往阿尔卑斯山，与瑞士的合作伙伴一起，开始建造欧洲第一座冰塔[41][42][43]。

2018年2月，一群来自拉达克当地的年轻雕塑家和艺术家们建造了一座3米左右的冰雕佛塔。这座雕塑完全由冰块制成，花了25天的时间和心血。他们的工作环境也非常恶劣。由于冰佛塔被安置在另一个巨大的冰塔内，他们必须在零下12摄氏度的极低温度下工作。[44]

政治

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In 2013, on repeated requests from students community of Ladakh, Wangchuk helped launch NLM – the New Ladakh Movement – a social campaign and Ladakh's version of Green Party[45] with the aim of working for sustainable education, environment and economy.[46] It also aimed at uniting all the political leaders of Ladakh under one banner for the growth and development of Ladakh. However, the idea was much ahead of its times and could not convert into electoral victory.[47] Eventually, the members decided to make it into a non-political social movement.

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Wangchuk came into the spotlight in 2009, when his story inspired 阿米爾·罕’s character 三傻大闹宝莱坞 or Rancchoddas Shyamaldas Chanchad (Rancho) in the 拉库马·希拉尼 directed film 3 Idiots.[10] He has been referred as "The real life Phunsukh Wangdu".[2] However he says that he is not Phunsukh Wangdu.[48][49]

获奖

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Rana, Nikita. World Environment Day 2017: Sonam Wangchuk's ice stupas ensure there's water in Ladakh. 第一邮报. 2 June 2017. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Paul, Satarupa. Meet Sonam Wangchuk, the real life Phunsukh Wangdu of 3 Idiots. 印度斯坦时报. 8 December 2016. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Sonam Wangchuk's Introduction. Ashoka (non-profit organization)（英语：Ashoka (non-profit organization)）. [30 June 2017]. 
  4. ^ These 10 Innovators Are Changing the World, From Oceans to Eye Care. 国家地理 (杂志). 25 November 2016. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Khattar, Sakshi. Teach India: Think local, think Ladakhi. 印度时报. 26 July 2008. 
  6. ^ 3 Idiots pato के असली फुनसुक वांगडू, फेल छात्र भी इनसे पढ़कर बनते हैं वैज्ञानिक. Daily Bhaskar（英语：Daily Bhaskar）. 30 May 2015 （Hindi）. 
  7. ^ Meet the real life 'Phunsukh Wangdu' from '3 Idiots'. The Economic Times（英语：The Economic Times）. 18 November 2016. 
  8. ^ Varghese, Shiny. The best solar device is timing. 印度快報. 22 December 2016. 
  9. ^ Griffin, Peter. Ice Stupas: Conserving water the 3 Idiots way. Forbes India（英语：Forbes India）. 29 December 2014. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Menon, Shyam G. What you did not watch in 3 Idiots - Rethink after Ladakh education initiative fell victim to bureaucracy and resentment. The Telegraph (Calcutta)（英语：The Telegraph (Calcutta)）. 19 July 2010. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Mascarenhas, Josceline. Here's what Sonam Wangchuk plans to do to solve Ladakh's water woes. DNA India（英语：DNA India）. 16 April 2015. 
  12. ^ From Leh comes a mountain of ideas. 德里: 印度时报. 26 November 2016. 
  13. ^ Ranjendra, Ranjani. In the land of little rain. 印度报. 8 December 2016. 
  14. ^ लद्दाख में बच्चों के लिए उम्मीद की नई किरण हैं 'सोनम वांगचुक'. Zee News. 18 January 2017 （Hindi）. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 A Ladakhi dream fuelled by a Swiss award. Livemint（英语：Livemint）. 25 November 2016. 
  16. ^ Lenin, Janaki. Artificial glacier could help Ladakh villagers adapt to climate change. 衛報. 24 February 2015. 
  17. ^ Saxena, Siddharth. Ice stupas to end water woes. 印度时报. 22 February 2015. 
  18. ^ Ibrar, Mohammad. पानी की किल्लत से जूझते लद्दाख में सोनम वांगचुक का आइडिया किसानों के लिए साबित हो रहा गेमचेंजर. Navbharat Times（英语：Navbharat Times）. 26 November 2016 （Hindi）. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 SECMOL wins International Terra Award for best building. State Times（英语：State Times）. 16 July 2016. 
  20. ^ Paul, Debjani. The Phunsuk Factor. Indian Express. 31 October 2013. 
  21. ^ Global Award 2017- Sonam Wangchuk, stupas et enseignements. lecourrierdelarchitecte.com. 17 May 2017 （French）. 
  22. ^ Sonam Wangchuk: The real 'Phunsuk Wangdu'. JharkhandFeed. 19 January 2017 [January 19, 2017]. 
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 Sonam Wangchuk at Entrepreneur's Meet 2017. Entremeetsmit.in. [30 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于25 May 2017）. 
  24. ^ Ladakh, Reach. In conversation with Sonam Wangchuk. ReachLadakh. 30 April 2013. 
  25. ^ Coates, Ashley. Ice stupas: a Himalayan answer to climate change, water shortage and glacial flooding. 獨立報. 30 May 2017. 
  26. ^ Sarkhel, Aritra. Meet Sonam Wangchuk, the 50 year old innovator from Ladakh. The Economic Times（英语：The Economic Times）. 22 December 2016. 
  27. ^ Chauhan, Divya. These Ladakhi Mothers Are Opening Up Their Homes To Travellers. Time To Ditch Those Hotel Rooms. ScoopWhoop（英语：ScoopWhoop）. 1 August 2016. 
  28. ^ Hasan, Snigdha. Mumbaikars, here's your chance to meet Sonam Wangchuk who inspired Aamir Khan's character in '3 Idiots'. Mid-Day（英语：Mid-Day）. 15 April 2017. 
  29. ^ Reddy, R. Ravikanth. 'Three Idiots' inspirer to set up Mountain varsity. 印度报. 11 January 2017. 
  30. ^ SECMOL wins International Terra Award for best building. State Times. [July 16, 2016]. 
  31. ^ Pareek, Shreya. The Engineer Who Is Creating Ice Stupas To Solve The Water Problems Of People In Ladakh. The Better India. [30 June 2017]. 
  32. ^ Kattakayam, Jiby. ice stupas Ice for a green Ladakh. DNA India（英语：DNA India）. 2 November 2016. 
  33. ^ Man-made glacier leads to a new water world. Asian Age（英语：Asian Age）. 31 March 2017. 
  34. ^ Artificial lake in Kargil bursts; bridges, buildings damaged. The Tribune (Chandigarh)（英语：The Tribune (Chandigarh)）. 8 May 2015. 
  35. ^ Mok, Kimberley. This scientist wants to create 'artificial glaciers' to combat melting Himalayan ice. TreeHugger（英语：TreeHugger）. 24 November 2016. 
  36. ^ Devadas, David. Ladakh's innovator Sonam Wangchuk toils for a visionary project to reverse climate change. 第一邮报. 26 November 2016. 
  37. ^ Man Who Inspired Amir Khan's '3 Idiots' Role Explains How His Team Saved Lakhs Of Lives In Sikkim. indiatimes.com（英语：indiatimes.com）. 17 November 2016. 
  38. ^ South Lhonak Expedition 2016: A technical Report (PDF). dstsikkim.gov.in. Government of Sikkim（英语：Government of Sikkim）. [30 June 2017]. 
  39. ^ Dhungel, Pankaj. Lhonak lake situated deliberated at climate change consultation. Sikkim Express（英语：Sikkim Express） via Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority（英语：Government of Sikkim）. 7 May 2016. 
  40. ^ Building Ice Stupas in Arid Landscape. Deccan Post. [30 June 2017]. 
  41. ^ Yashwant, Shailendra. Sonam Wangchuk's Ice Stupas Are Firing Up Interest From Ladakh To The Swiss Alps. 赫芬顿邮报. 18 May 2016. 
  42. ^ Tyagi, Chhavi. Sonam Wangchuk's Ice Stupas Are Firing Up Interest From Ladakh To The Swiss Alps. The Economic Times（英语：The Economic Times）. 14 December 2016. 
  43. ^ 3 इडियट्स में आमिर खान के किरदार को इंस्पायर करने वाले इंजीनियर को मिला ग्लोबल अवॉर्ड. Jansatta（英语：Jansatta）. 17 November 2016 （Hindi）. 
  44. ^ Ice stupa has a heart now , Ladakh ought to fight climate change with innovation and traditional values.. 
  45. ^ New Ladakh Movement (NLM) announces to plunge in forthcoming LAHDC elections in Leh. Scoop News（英语：Scoop News）. 30 August 2016. 
  46. ^ New Ladakh Movement releases manifesto (PDF). 贾姆穆: State Times（英语：State Times）. 24 February 2014. 
  47. ^ Pargal, Sanjeev. BJP creates history, wins two-third majority in Leh Council elections. Daily Excelsior（英语：Daily Excelsior）. 24 December 2015. 
  48. ^ I am not Phunsukh Wangdu: Wangchuk. 印度斯坦时报. 25 October 2016. 
  49. ^ Pareek, Shabdita. Meet The Real-Life Phunsukh Wangdu, The Leh Engineer Who Inspired Aamir Khan's Role In 3 Idiots. ScoopWhoop（英语：ScoopWhoop）. 17 November 2016. 
  50. ^ Two Indians, Bharat Vatwani and Sonam Wangchuk, Receive Magsaysay Award. ndtv.com. [1 September 2018]. 
  51. ^ Change the way students are picked for IITs: Global Awardee. Tribune. [April 30, 2018]. 
  52. ^ Sonam Wangchuk to receive the Global Award for Sustainable Architecture 2017. ScooNews. [May 15, 2017]. 
  53. ^ GQ Awards: Men of the Year 2017 Winners. GQ India. [Sep 23, 2017]. 
  54. ^ World Environment Day 2017: Sonam Wangchuk's ice stupas ensure there's water in Ladakh. FirstPost. [Aug 12, 2017]. 
  55. ^ 31 get state award. Srinagar: Greater Kashmir（英语：Greater Kashmir）. 27 January 2017. 
  56. ^ 3 IDIOTS में जिनसे प्रेरित था आमिर का किरदार, उन्हे मिला ये AWARD. Hindustan（英语：Hindustan (newspaper)）. 19 November 2016 （Hindi）. 
  57. ^ Sonam Wangchuk. Environment Netoerk. 
  58. ^ Nita Ambani; Rajdeep Sardesai. Real Heroes: Ordinary People Extraordinary Service. Roli Books Private Limited. August 2011. ISBN -93-5194-0-57-8. 
  59. ^ Honour for green warriors. Frontline（英语：Frontline (magazine)）. 1 January 2005, 22 (1). 
  60. ^ Foundation Day Lecture by Sonam Wangchuk. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. [January 27, 2016]. 
  61. ^ Chief Judicial Magistrate acquits Sonam Wangchuk in 6-year old case. ReachLadakh. 19 July 2013. 

外部链接

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