神龍翼龍科:修订间差异

维基百科,自由的百科全书
删除的内容 添加的内容
Hoseumou留言 | 贡献
无编辑摘要
Hoseumou留言 | 贡献
无编辑摘要
第43行: 第43行:
以下列表是根據[[大衛·安文]](David Unwin)在2006年的研究<ref name="unwin2006">{{cite book |last=Unwin |first=David M. |title=The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time |year=2006 |publisher=Pi Press |location=New York |isbn=ISBN 0-13-146308-X |pages=273}}</ref>:
以下列表是根據[[大衛·安文]](David Unwin)在2006年的研究<ref name="unwin2006">{{cite book |last=Unwin |first=David M. |title=The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time |year=2006 |publisher=Pi Press |location=New York |isbn=ISBN 0-13-146308-X |pages=273}}</ref>:
* '''神龍翼龍科 Azhdarchidae'''
* '''神龍翼龍科 Azhdarchidae'''
** ''Alanqa''<ref name=ibrahimetal2010>{{cite journal | last1 = Ibrahim | first1 = N. | last2 = Unwin | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Martill | first3 = D.M. | last4 = Baidder | first4 = L. | last5 = Zouhri | first5 = S. | year = 2010 | title = A New Pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco | url = http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010875 | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 5 | issue = 5| page = e10875 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0010875 | pmid = 20520782 | pmc=2877115 }}</ref>
** [[鹹海神翼龍]] ''Aralazhdarcho''<ref name="averianov2007">Averianov, A.O. (2007). "New records of azhdarchids (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the late Cretaceous of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia." ''Paleontological Journal'', '''41'''(2): 189-197.</ref>
** [[鹹海神翼龍]] ''Aralazhdarcho''<ref name="averianov2007">Averianov, A.O. (2007). "New records of azhdarchids (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the late Cretaceous of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia." ''Paleontological Journal'', '''41'''(2): 189-197.</ref>
** [[阿氏翼龍]] ''Arambourgiania''
** [[阿氏翼龍]] ''Arambourgiania''
第52行: 第53行:
** [[風神翼龍]] ''Quetzalcoatlus''
** [[風神翼龍]] ''Quetzalcoatlus''
** [[浙江翼龍]] ''Zhejiangopterus''
** [[浙江翼龍]] ''Zhejiangopterus''
** [[伏爾加翼龍]] ''Volgadraco''<ref name=AAetal08>{{cite journal|last=Averianov|first=A.O.|coauthors=Arkhangelsky, M.S.; and Pervushov, E.M.|date=2008|title=A New Late Cretaceous Azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Volga Region|journal=Paleontological Journal|volume=42|issue=6|pages=634-642}}</ref>
** [[伏爾加翼龍]] ''Volgadraco''<ref name=AAetal08>{{cite journal|last=Averianov|first=A.O.|coauthors=Arkhangelsky, M.S.; and Pervushov, E.M.|date=2008|title=A New Late Cretaceous Azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Volga Region|journal=Paleontological Journal|volume=42|issue=6|pages=634-642|doi=10.1134/S0031030108060099}}</ref>
* 可能屬於神龍翼龍類的屬:
** 可能屬於神龍翼龍類的屬:
** [[始神龍翼龍]] ''Eoazhdarcho''
*** [[班尼特翼龍]] ''Bennettazhia''
** [[矛嘴翼龍]] ''Doratorhynchus''
*** [[波氏翼龍]] ''Bogolubovia''
** [[波氏翼龍]] ''Bogolubovia''
*** [[矛嘴翼龍]] ''Doratorhynchus''
** [[班尼特翼龍]] ''Bennettazhia''
*** [[始神龍翼龍]] ''Eoazhdarcho''
*** 本氏鳥掌翼龍 ''Ornithocheirus bunzeli''<ref>Buffetaut, E.; Ősi, A.; Prondvai, E. (2010). "The pterosaurian remains from the Grünbach Formation (Campanian, Gosau Group) of Austria: A reappraisal of ' Ornithocheirus buenzeli'". Geological Magazine 148 (2): 334. {{doi|10.1017/S0016756810000981}}</ref>
** 本氏鳥掌翼龍 ''Ornithocheirus bunzeli''


==參考資料==
==參考資料==

2012年7月16日 (一) 09:16的版本

神龍翼龍科
化石時期: 白堊紀晚期
浙江翼龍的想像圖
浙江翼龍的想像圖
科學分類
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 蜥形綱 Sauropsida
目: 翼龍目 Pterosauria
亞目: 翼手龍亞目 Pterodactyloidea
總科: 神龍翼龍超科 Azhdarchoidea
Nessov, 1984
vide Unwin, 1992
科: 神龍翼龍科 Azhdarchidae
Nessov, 1984
異名
  • Titanopterygiidae
    Padian, 1984 (preoccupied)

神龍翼龍科(Azhdarchidae)是翼龍目神龍翼龍超科的一科,主要生存於晚白堊紀。近年在白堊紀早期(約1億4000萬年前的貝里亞階)地層,發現一個翼龍類的脊椎骨,可能屬於神龍翼龍科[1]

神龍翼龍科包括已知某些最大的翼龍類,例如風神翼龍。Nessov在1984年建立神龍翼龍亞科(Azhdarchinae),屬於無齒翼龍科,當時包含了神龍翼龍風神翼龍、以及Titanopteryx(目前為阿氏翼龍)。

體徵

神龍翼龍科的主要特徵為非常修長的頸部與後肢。長頸部由延長的頸椎所構成,這些頸椎的橫剖面為圓形。已發現的神龍翼龍科化石,大部分來自牠們的獨特頸部骨頭;只有少數物種曾發現狀況良好的身體骨骼,例如:風神翼龍、浙江翼龍、與相近的古神翼龍科。神龍翼龍科的其他特徵還有相當大型的頭部、類似長矛的頜部。神龍翼龍科動物曾被認為生活方式類似現代剪嘴鷗[2][3];但最近有些研究人員對此論點產生質疑,認為神龍翼龍科缺乏剪嘴鷗的演化特徵,生活方式類似陸生的鸛鳥[4][5][6][7]

分類

神龍翼龍科最初因為牠們長而無齒的嘴喙,而被分類為無齒翼龍科的近親。而其他學者認為神龍翼龍科應該與梳頜翼龍科(包括以過濾方式捕食獵物的梳頜翼龍南翼龍)更為接近。目前神龍翼龍科被廣泛認定與妖精翼龍古神翼龍有密切關係。

以下列表是根據大衛·安文(David Unwin)在2006年的研究[8]

參考資料

  1. ^ Dyke, G., Benton, M., Posmosanu, E. and Naish, D. (2010). "Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) birds and pterosaurs from the Cornet bauxite mine, Romania." Palaeontology, published online before print 15 September 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00997.x
  2. ^ Nesov, L. A. Upper Cretaceous pterosaurs and birds from Central Asia.. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal. 1984, 1984 (1): 47–57. 
  3. ^ Kellner, A. W. A.; Langston, W. Cranial remains of Quetzalcoatlus (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from Late Cretaceous sediments of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1996, 16 (2): 222–231. doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011310. 
  4. ^ Chatterjee, S.; Templin, R. J. Posture, locomotion, and paleoecology of pterosaurs. Geological Society of America Special Publication. 2004, 376: 1–64. 
  5. ^ Ősi, A.; Weishampel, D.B.; Jianu, C.M. First evidence of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005, 50 (4): 777–787. 
  6. ^ Humphries, S.; Bonser, R.H.C.; Witton, M.P.; Martill, D.M. Did pterosaurs feed by skimming? Physical modelling and anatomical evaluation of an unusual feeding method (PDF). PLoS Biology. 2007, 5 (8): e204. 
  7. ^ http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002271
  8. ^ Unwin, David M. The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time. New York: Pi Press. 2006: 273. ISBN ISBN 0-13-146308-X 请检查|isbn=值 (帮助). 
  9. ^ Ibrahim, N.; Unwin, D.M.; Martill, D.M.; Baidder, L.; Zouhri, S. A New Pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. PLoS ONE. 2010, 5 (5): e10875. PMC 2877115可免费查阅. PMID 20520782. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010875. 
  10. ^ Averianov, A.O. (2007). "New records of azhdarchids (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the late Cretaceous of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia." Paleontological Journal, 41(2): 189-197.
  11. ^ Averianov, A.O.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; and Pervushov, E.M. A New Late Cretaceous Azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Volga Region. Paleontological Journal. 2008, 42 (6): 634–642. doi:10.1134/S0031030108060099. 
  12. ^ Buffetaut, E.; Ősi, A.; Prondvai, E. (2010). "The pterosaurian remains from the Grünbach Formation (Campanian, Gosau Group) of Austria: A reappraisal of ' Ornithocheirus buenzeli'". Geological Magazine 148 (2): 334. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000981
  • Astibia, H.; Buffetaut, E.; Buscalioni, A.D.; Cappetta, H.; Corrall, C.; Estes, R.; Garcia-Garmilla, F.; -1#Loeuff, Mazin; Jaeger, J.J.; et al. The fossil vertebrates from Lafio (Basque Country, Spain); new evidence on the composition and affinities of the Late Cretaceous continental fauna of Europe. Terra Nova. 1991, 2: 460–466. 
  • Bennett, S. C. Pterosaur flight: the role of actinofibrils in wing function. Historical Biology. 2000, 14 (4): 255–284. doi:10.1080/10292380009380572. 
  • (俄文)Nesov, L.A. Flying reptiles of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the USSR and the significance of their remains for the reconstruction of palaeogeographic conditions. Bulletin of Leningrad University, Series 7, Geology and Geography. 1990, 4 (28): 3–10 (Russian). *(俄文)Nesov, L.A. Giant flying reptiles of the family Azhdarchidae: 11. Environment, sedirnentological conditions and preservation of remains. Bulletin of Leningrad Universitv Series 7, Geology and Geography. 1991, 3 (21): 16–24 (Russian).