酒石酸锑钾：修订间差异

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Antimony potassium tartrate trihydrate
别名 酒石酸氧锑钾
吐酒石
识别
CAS号 28300-74-5
PubChem 16682736
ChemSpider 17214979
SMILES
 
  • [K+].[K+].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].O=C1O[Sb-]23OC1C1O[Sb-]4(OC(C(O2)C(=O)O3)C(=O)O4)OC1=O
InChI
 
  • 1S/2C4H4O6.2K.3H2O.2Sb/c2*5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;;;;;;/h2*1-2H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);;;3*1H2;;/q2*-2;2*+1;;;;2*+3/p-4
InChIKey WBTCZEPSIIFINA-UHFFFAOYSA-J
EINECS 234-293-3
ChEBI 2761
KEGG C11340
性质
化学式 K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2 · 3 H2O
摩尔质量 667.87 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 white crystalline powder
密度 2.6 g/cm3
溶解性（水） 8.3 g/100 mL (0 °C)
35.9 g/100 mL (100 °C)
危险性
警示术语 R：R20/22 R51/53
安全术语 S：S2 S61
欧盟分类 有害 Xn 有害环境物质 N
致死量或浓度：
LD50（中位剂量）
 110 mg/kg
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

酒石酸锑钾（英語：Antimony potassium tartrate），又称酒石酸氧锑钾（英語：Potassium antimonyl tartrate），俗称吐酒石（英語：Tartar emetic或Emetic tartar），化学式为K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2，为酒石酸的锑钾复盐。酒石酸锑钾自古以来一直被用作一种强效的催吐剂；除此之外，它还曾被用于治疗血吸虫病和利什曼病。

催吐作用

500mg的吐酒石

在中世纪时，人们已经知道酒石酸锑钾具有催吐作用。由于它的毒性较大，人们在那时一般不直接服用——而是将酒在锑杯中存放24小时，并多次少量地饮用，直至达到需要的催吐效果为止。[1][2][3]

目前酒石酸锑钾仍被用于动物学研究中被捕获动物的催吐，以了解它们的食谱。[4][5][6]

药用

The first treatment application against trypanosomiasis was tested in 1906, and the compound's use to treat other tropical diseases was researched.[7] The treatment of leishmania with antimony potassium tartrate started in 1913. After the introduction of antimony (V) containing complexes like sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate, the use of antimony potassium tartrate was phased out.[7][8] After British physician John B. Christopherson's discovery in 1918 that antimony potassium tartrate could cure schistosomiasis, the antimonial drugs became widely used.[9][10][11] However, the injection of antimony potassium tartrate had severe side effects such as Adams–Stokes syndrome[12] and therefore alternative substances were under investigation. With the introduction and subsequent larger use of praziquantel in the 1970s, the use of antimony based treatments fell out of use.[13][14]

The New England Journal of Medicine[15] reported a case study of a patient whose wife secretly gave him a dose of a product called "tartaro emetico" which contained trivalent antimony (antimony potassium tartrate) and is sold in Central Amercia as an aversive treatment for alcohol abuse. The patient, who had been out drinking the night before, developed persistent vomiting shortly after being given orange juice with the drug. When admitted to the hosiptal, and later in the ICU, he experienced severe chest pains, cardiac abnormalities, renal and hepatic toxicity, and nearly died. The Journal reports that "Two years later, he [the patient] reports complete abstinence from alcohol."

制取

Dissolving antimony oxide in tartaric acid is an easy way to obtain the compound.[16]

参考资料

  1. ^ McCallum, RI. President's address. Observations upon antimony. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1977, 70 (11): 756–63. PMC 1543508 可免费查阅. PMID 341167. 
  2. ^ Thomson, SC. Antimonyall Cupps: Pocula Emetica or Calices Vomitorii. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1926, 19 (Sect Hist Med): 122.2–128. PMC 1948687 可免费查阅. PMID 19985185. 
  3. ^ Weiss, S.; Hatcher, RA. The Mechanism of the Vomiting Induced by Antimony and Potassium Tartrate (Tartar Emetic). Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1922, 37 (1): 97–111. PMC 2128404 可免费查阅. PMID 19868716. doi:10.1084/jem.37.1.97. 
  4. ^ Poulin, B.; Lefebvre, G. t.; McNeil, R. Effect and Efficiency of Tartar Emetic in Determining the Diet of Tropical Land Birds. The Condor. 1994, 96 (1): 98–104. JSTOR 1369067. doi:10.2307/1369067. 
  5. ^ Carlisle, J. D.; Holberton, R. L. Relative Efficiency of Fecal versus Regurgitated Samples for Assessing Diet and the Deleterious Effects of a Tartar Emetic on Migratory Birds. Journal of Field Ornithology. 2006, 77 (2): 126–135. JSTOR 27639314. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00032.x. 
  6. ^ Diamond, Antony W.; Fayad, V. C.; McKinley, Peter S. Commentary: Ipecac: An Improved Emetic for Wild Birds. Journal of Field Ornithology. 2007, 78 (4): 436–439. JSTOR 27715221. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00136.x. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Low, George C. The history of the use of intravenous injections of tartar emetic (Antimonium tartaratum) in tropical medicine. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1916, 10 (2): 37. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(16)90068-3. 
  8. ^ Navarro, Maribel; Gabbiani, Chiara; Messori, Luigi; Gambino, Dinorah. Metal-based drugs for malaria, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis: Recent achievements and perspectives. Drug Discovery Today. 2010, 15 (23–24): 1070–8. PMID 20974285. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.005. 
  9. ^ Christopherson, J.B. The Successful Use of Antimony in Bilharziosis. The Lancet. 1918, 192 (4958): 325. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)02807-0. 
  10. ^ Crichton-Harris, Ann. Poison in small measure: Dr. Christopherson and the cure for bilharzia. 2009-07-15. ISBN 978-90-04-17541-9. 
  11. ^ Sabah, A.A.; Fletcher, Cathy; Webbe, G.; Doenhoff, M.J. Schistosoma mansoni: Chemotherapy of infections of different ages. Experimental Parasitology. 1986, 61 (3): 294–303. PMID 3086114. doi:10.1016/0014-4894(86)90184-0. 
  12. ^ PMID 13447130（PMID 13447130）
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  13. ^ Hagan, Paul. Schistosomiasis – a rich vein of research. Parasitology. 2009, 136 (12): 1611–9. PMID 19691867. doi:10.1017/S003118200999093X. 
  14. ^ Publishers, Bentham Science. The Antimonials. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 1996-10: 304–305. 
  15. ^ Cabot, Richard C.; Harris, Nancy Lee; Shepard, Jo-Anne O.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Cort, Alice M.; Ebeling, Sally H.; Peters, Christine C.; MacÍas Konstantopoulos, Wendy; Burns Ewald, Michele. Case 22-2012. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012, 367 (3): 259. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc1111580. 
  16. ^ Knapp, Fr. Zur Bildungsgeschichte des Brechweinsteins. Annalen der Pharmacie. 1839, 32: 76. doi:10.1002/jlac.18390320107. 

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