伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党：修订间差异

領導人	穆斯托伐·巴爾札尼（1940年代）
活躍期	1945年－1946年; 1966年－1967年; 1977年－1978年; 1979年－1996年; 2016年至今;
活跃地区	伊拉克库尔德斯坦、伊朗庫爾德斯坦省與西亞塞拜然省
人數	12,750名戰士（1946年估計）; 10,000人－25,000人（1979年至1983年估計）; 7,000人－10,000名游擊隊員與14,000人－20,000名兼職游擊隊員（1980年估計）; 12,000名戰士與60,000名武裝農民（1982年估計）; 1,500人（1996年估計）; 1,200人－1,800人（2008年估計）;
盟友	苏联 (1945–1991); 伊拉克复兴党政权 (1980–1988); 非政府盟友; 库尔德斯坦爱国联盟; 伊朗库德斯坦科马拉党（英语：Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan）（1982年－1984年、2012年至今); 伊朗人民聖戰者組織 (1981–1985); 伊朗人民敢死游击队 (1979–1981); 伊朗人民党（1940年代－1950年代）;
對手	巴列维王朝（1945年－1979年）; 伊朗（1979年至今）; 非政府對手：; 伊朗库德斯坦科马拉党（1984年－1991年）; 库尔德斯坦工人党（偶爾）;

伊朗庫德斯坦民主黨
伊朗庫德斯坦民主黨; Hîzbî Dêmokiratî Kurdistanî Êran
秘书长	穆斯塔法·赫賈里（英语：Mustafa Hijri）
创始人	卡齊·穆罕默德（英语：Qazi Muhammad）
成立	1945年8月16日，78年前
分裂自	伊朗人民党
总部	伊拉克库尔德斯坦科伊桑贾克（英语：Koy Sanjaq）; 伊朗马哈巴德（歷史上）;
党员; （2008年）	1,200人－1,800人
意識形態	庫德民族主義（英语：Kurdish nationalism）; 民主社会主义; 社會民主主義; 進步主義; 世俗主义; 歷史上; 反帝國主義; 文化保守主義
政治立場	中間偏左; 歷史上：; 左派
国内组织	伊朗聯邦民族議會（英语：Congress of Nationalities for a Federal Iran）（2005年至今）; ; 伊朗反抗力量全國議會 (1981–1985); ; 進步政黨連線（英语：Coalition Front of Freedom-Seeking Parties） (1946–1948); ;
国际组织	社會黨國際（諮詢委員）; 進步聯盟; 無代表國家和民族組織
口號	伊朗民主、庫德自治
官方网站
	pdki.org
	伊朗政治; 政党 · 选举

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伊朗庫德斯坦民主黨（簡稱PDKI或KDPI，庫爾德語：حیزبی دێموکراتی کوردستانی ئێران‎，羅馬化：Hîzbî Dêmukratî Kurdistanî Êran, HDKA; 波斯語：حزب دموکرات کردستان ایران‎，羅馬化：Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordestān-e Īrān）是伊朗庫德人（英语：Kurds in Iran）的武裝左翼政黨，因在伊朗被查禁而流亡於伊拉克北部^[27]^[28]。此組織主張庫德人民族自決，被認為推動庫德分離主義（英语：Kurdish separatism in Iran）^[29]^[30]^[17]或追求聯邦制下的自治權^[28]^[31]。

自1979年起伊朗庫德斯坦民主黨即以游擊戰的形式持續對抗伊朗伊斯蘭共和國政府，包括1979年伊朗庫德起義（英语：1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran）、1989年－1996年間的伊朗庫德斯坦民主黨動亂（英语：KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)）與2016年至今的伊朗西部動亂（英语：Western Iran clashes (2016–present)）等^[28]，伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊將其視為恐怖組織^[32]。

參考文獻

^ Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. 1982: 453. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
^ Andreas Wenger, Alex Wilner. Deterring Terrorism: Theory and Practice. Stanford University Press. 2012: 240. ISBN 9780804783477.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Iran Defence and Security Report, Including 5-Year Industry Forecasts, BMI Research（英语：BMI Research）, 2008 [Q1] [2017-02-27], （原始内容存档于2017-02-28）
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Neuberger, Benyamin. Bengio, Ofra , 编. Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University Of Texas Press. 2014: 268. ISBN 978-0292758131.
^ Monshipouri, Mahmood. Iran Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Islamic Republic 1. Greenwood Press. 2008: 223. ISBN 978-0313341632.
^ David McDowall. The Kurds: A Nation Denied. Minority Rights Group. 1992: 70. ISBN 9781873194300. The KDPI (which had moved to the left in the meantime) adopted an anti-imperialist position, declaring their opposition to the Shah's regime...
^ Abbas Valli. Kurds and the State in Iran: The Making of Kurdish Identity. I.B.Tauris. 2014: 28. ISBN 9781780768236.
^ Abdulla Hawez. Iranian Kurds Are Rising Up Against the Mullahs. 每日野獸. 7 July 2016 [29 January 2017].
^ Rodolfo Stavenhagen. Ethnic Conflicts and the Nation-State. Springer. 2016: 98. ISBN 9781349250141.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Mark Edmond Clark, An Analysis of the Role of the Iranian Diaspora in the Financial Support System of the Mujahedin-e-Khalq, David Gold (编), Terrornomics, Routledge: 67–68, 2016, ISBN 978-1317045908
^ Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. 1982: 301. ISBN 978-0-691-10134-7.
^ Martin Van Bruinessen. Major Kurdish Organizations in Iran. Middle East Research and Information Project（英语：Middle East Research and Information Project）. 20 July 1986 [29 January 2017].
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Michael G. Lortz. The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga. Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces - the Peshmerga - from the Ottoman Empire to Present-day Iraq (学位论文). Florida State University Libraries: 27. 2005.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 Hiro, Dilip. Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran". A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East. Interlink Publishing. 2013. ISBN 9781623710330.
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 Jeffrey S. Dixon; Meredith Reid Sarkees. INTRA-STATE WAR #816: Anti-Khomeini Coalition War of 1979 to 1983. A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816-2014. SAGE Publications. 2015: 384–386. ISBN 978-1-5063-1798-4.
^ Razoux, Pierre. The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press. 2015. Appendix E: Armed Opposition. ISBN 9780674915718.
^ ^17.0 ^17.1 Alex Peter Schmid; A. J. Jongman. Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran. Political terrorism: a new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories, & literature. Transaction Publishers. 2005: 579. ISBN 978-1-4128-0469-1.
^ Belgin San-Akca. States in Disguise: Causes of State Support for Rebel. Oxford University Press. 2016: 95. ISBN 9780190250904. For example, the Soviet Union supported the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI), first against the shah's regime in Iran and then against the religious revolutionary regime. Throughout the Cold War period, the Soviet funds were regularly channeled to the KDPI.
^ Entessar, Nader. Kurdish Politics in the Middle East. Lanham: Lexington Books（英语：Lexington Books）. 2010: 48. ISBN 9780739140390. OCLC 430736528. Throughout much of the 1980s, the KDPI received aid from the Ba'thi regime of Saddam Hussein, but Ghassemlou broke with Baghdad in 1988 after Iraq used chemical weapons against Kurds in Halabja and then forced Kurdish villagers to...
^ David Romano. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 251. ISBN 9780521684262. The Iraqi PUK and Iranian KDPI have often assisted each other, and roughly 5,000 Kurdish volunteers from Turkey went to Iran to fight Khomeini's government forces in 1979.
^ Andrew Duncan. Iran. Trouble Spots: The World Atlas of Strategic Information. Sutton. 2000. ISBN 9780750921718. The KDPI and Komala agreed to cooperate in late 1982 and enjoyed two years of military success, but when they split...
^ Joseph R. Rudolph Jr. Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic Conflicts, 2nd Edition [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. 2015: 490. ISBN 9781610695534. Moreover, in August 2012, the KDPI and the Komala, now led by Abdullah Mohtadi, reached a strategic agreement calling for federalism in Iran to undo the national oppression suffered by the Kurds.
^ Zabir, Sepehr. Iran Since the Revolution (RLE Iran D). Taylor & Francis. 2012: 108–110. ISBN 978-1136833007.
^ Michael M. Gunter. Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press. 2010: 133. ISBN 9780810875074. During the late 1940s and the early 1950s, the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) cooperated closely with the Tudeh, or Iranian Communist Party.
^ Hussein Tahiri. The Structure of Kurdish Society and the Struggle for a Kurdish State. Bibliotheca Iranica: Kurdish studies series 8. Mazda Publications. 2007: 144. ISBN 9781568591933. Between 1984 and 1991, the KDPI and Komala fought each other vigorously.
^ It is banned in Iran and thus not able to operate openly.PKK- PDKI clash exposes decades of cold war. www.rudaw.net. [2022-04-15].
^ Iran: Kurds and Kurdish political groups. United Kingdom: Home Office, Country Information and Guidance. 2016-07.
^ ^28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 Buchta, Wilfried, Who rules Iran?: the structure of power in the Islamic Republic, Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung: 102, 104, 2000, ISBN 978-0-944029-39-8
^ Iranian Kurds Return to Arms. Stratfor（英语：Stratfor）. 29 July 2016 [29 September 2016].
^ 自由之家, Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers: 321, 2011, ISBN 9781442209961
^ Prunhuber, Carol. QĀSEMLU, ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN. Yarshater, Ehsan (编). 伊朗百科全书. Bibliotheca Persica Press. 2012-02-18 [August 1, 2016].
^ Golnaz Esfandiari. Explainer: What's Behind Sudden Clashes In Northwestern Iran?. 自由欧洲电台／自由电台. 2016-06-29 [29 September 2016].

[1] Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. 1982: 453. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.

[2] Andreas Wenger, Alex Wilner. Deterring Terrorism: Theory and Practice. Stanford University Press. 2012: 240. ISBN 9780804783477.

[BMI-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Iran Defence and Security Report, Including 5-Year Industry Forecasts, BMI Research（英语：BMI Research）, 2008 [Q1] [2017-02-27], （原始内容存档于2017-02-28）

[KA-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Neuberger, Benyamin. Bengio, Ofra , 编. Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University Of Texas Press. 2014: 268. ISBN 978-0292758131.

[5] Monshipouri, Mahmood. Iran Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Islamic Republic 1. Greenwood Press. 2008: 223. ISBN 978-0313341632.

[6] David McDowall. The Kurds: A Nation Denied. Minority Rights Group. 1992: 70. ISBN 9781873194300. The KDPI (which had moved to the left in the meantime) adopted an anti-imperialist position, declaring their opposition to the Shah's regime...

[7] Abbas Valli. Kurds and the State in Iran: The Making of Kurdish Identity. I.B.Tauris. 2014: 28. ISBN 9781780768236.

[8] Abdulla Hawez. Iranian Kurds Are Rising Up Against the Mullahs. 每日野獸. 7 July 2016 [29 January 2017].

[9] Rodolfo Stavenhagen. Ethnic Conflicts and the Nation-State. Springer. 2016: 98. ISBN 9781349250141.

[NCRI-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Mark Edmond Clark, An Analysis of the Role of the Iranian Diaspora in the Financial Support System of the Mujahedin-e-Khalq, David Gold (编), Terrornomics, Routledge: 67–68, 2016, ISBN 978-1317045908

[11] Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. 1982: 301. ISBN 978-0-691-10134-7.

[merip-12] Martin Van Bruinessen. Major Kurdish Organizations in Iran. Middle East Research and Information Project（英语：Middle East Research and Information Project）. 20 July 1986 [29 January 2017].

[kurdishwarrior-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Michael G. Lortz. The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga. Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces - the Peshmerga - from the Ottoman Empire to Present-day Iraq (学位论文). Florida State University Libraries: 27. 2005.

[DH-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Hiro, Dilip. Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran". A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East. Interlink Publishing. 2013. ISBN 9781623710330.

[SAGE-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Jeffrey S. Dixon; Meredith Reid Sarkees. INTRA-STATE WAR #816: Anti-Khomeini Coalition War of 1979 to 1983. A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816-2014. SAGE Publications. 2015: 384–386. ISBN 978-1-5063-1798-4.

[RP-16] Razoux, Pierre. The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press. 2015. Appendix E: Armed Opposition. ISBN 9780674915718.

[APS-17] 17.0 ^17.1 Alex Peter Schmid; A. J. Jongman. Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran. Political terrorism: a new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories, & literature. Transaction Publishers. 2005: 579. ISBN 978-1-4128-0469-1.

[18] Belgin San-Akca. States in Disguise: Causes of State Support for Rebel. Oxford University Press. 2016: 95. ISBN 9780190250904. For example, the Soviet Union supported the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI), first against the shah's regime in Iran and then against the religious revolutionary regime. Throughout the Cold War period, the Soviet funds were regularly channeled to the KDPI.

[19] Entessar, Nader. Kurdish Politics in the Middle East. Lanham: Lexington Books（英语：Lexington Books）. 2010: 48. ISBN 9780739140390. OCLC 430736528. Throughout much of the 1980s, the KDPI received aid from the Ba'thi regime of Saddam Hussein, but Ghassemlou broke with Baghdad in 1988 after Iraq used chemical weapons against Kurds in Halabja and then forced Kurdish villagers to...

[20] David Romano. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 251. ISBN 9780521684262. The Iraqi PUK and Iranian KDPI have often assisted each other, and roughly 5,000 Kurdish volunteers from Turkey went to Iran to fight Khomeini's government forces in 1979.

[21] Andrew Duncan. Iran. Trouble Spots: The World Atlas of Strategic Information. Sutton. 2000. ISBN 9780750921718. The KDPI and Komala agreed to cooperate in late 1982 and enjoyed two years of military success, but when they split...

[22] Joseph R. Rudolph Jr. Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic Conflicts, 2nd Edition [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. 2015: 490. ISBN 9781610695534. Moreover, in August 2012, the KDPI and the Komala, now led by Abdullah Mohtadi, reached a strategic agreement calling for federalism in Iran to undo the national oppression suffered by the Kurds.

[23] Zabir, Sepehr. Iran Since the Revolution (RLE Iran D). Taylor & Francis. 2012: 108–110. ISBN 978-1136833007.

[24] Michael M. Gunter. Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press. 2010: 133. ISBN 9780810875074. During the late 1940s and the early 1950s, the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) cooperated closely with the Tudeh, or Iranian Communist Party.

[25] Hussein Tahiri. The Structure of Kurdish Society and the Struggle for a Kurdish State. Bibliotheca Iranica: Kurdish studies series 8. Mazda Publications. 2007: 144. ISBN 9781568591933. Between 1984 and 1991, the KDPI and Komala fought each other vigorously.

[26] It is banned in Iran and thus not able to operate openly.PKK- PDKI clash exposes decades of cold war. www.rudaw.net. [2022-04-15].

[27] Iran: Kurds and Kurdish political groups. United Kingdom: Home Office, Country Information and Guidance. 2016-07.

[WRI-28] 28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 Buchta, Wilfried, Who rules Iran?: the structure of power in the Islamic Republic, Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung: 102, 104, 2000, ISBN 978-0-944029-39-8

[stratfor-29] Iranian Kurds Return to Arms. Stratfor（英语：Stratfor）. 29 July 2016 [29 September 2016].

[30] 自由之家, Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers: 321, 2011, ISBN 9781442209961

[31] Prunhuber, Carol. QĀSEMLU, ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN. Yarshater, Ehsan (编). 伊朗百科全书. Bibliotheca Persica Press. 2012-02-18 [August 1, 2016].

[32] Golnaz Esfandiari. Explainer: What's Behind Sudden Clashes In Northwestern Iran?. 自由欧洲电台／自由电台. 2016-06-29 [29 September 2016].

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領導人	穆斯托伐·巴爾札尼（1940年代）^[13]
活躍期	1945年－1946年 1966年－1967年 1977年－1978年^[14] 1979年－1996年 2016年至今
活跃地区	伊拉克库尔德斯坦、伊朗庫爾德斯坦省與西亞塞拜然省
人數	12,750名戰士（1946年估計）^[13] 10,000人－25,000人（1979年至1983年估計）^[15] 7,000人－10,000名游擊隊員與14,000人－20,000名兼職游擊隊員（1980年估計）^[16] 12,000名戰士與60,000名武裝農民（1982年估計）^[17] 1,500人（1996年估計）^[14] 1,200人－1,800人（2008年估計）^[3]
盟友	苏联 (1945–1991)^[18] 伊拉克复兴党政权 (1980–1988)^[19] 非政府盟友库尔德斯坦爱国联盟^[15]^[20] 伊朗库德斯坦科马拉党（英语：Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan）（1982年－1984年^[21]、2012年至今)^[22] 伊朗人民聖戰者組織 (1981–1985)^[10] 伊朗人民敢死游击队 (1979–1981)^[23] 伊朗人民党（1940年代－1950年代）^[24]
對手	巴列维王朝（1945年－1979年）伊朗（1979年至今）非政府對手：伊朗库德斯坦科马拉党（1984年－1991年）^[25] 库尔德斯坦工人党（偶爾）^[26]