M93：修订间差异

梅西耶93（M93）
	在船尾座的疏散星團。
觀測資料 (J2000.0 曆元)
星座	船尾座
赤經	07h 44m 30.0s
赤緯	−23° 51′ 24″
距離	3.38 kly（1.037 kpc）
視星等 (V)	6.0
視大小 (V)	10′
物理特徵
質量	723 M☉
半徑	5
估計年齡	387.3 Myr
其他特徵	NGC 2447、Cr 160, OCl 649.0
	相關條目：疏散星团、NGC天體表

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{

梅西耶93或M93，也稱為NGC 2447，是位於南天星座船尾座中的一個疏散星團。船尾座是從廢棄的南船座中拆解出來的星座。

觀察史和外觀

它是由查理斯·梅西耶發現的，然後在1781年被添加到他的類彗星天體目錄中^[a]^[6]。威廉·赫歇爾的妹妹卡羅琳·赫歇爾在1783年獨立發現了它，認為它還沒有被梅西耶編目^[7]。

沃爾特·史考特·休斯頓（1993年辭世）描述了它的外觀^[8]：

一些觀察者提到這個星團具有海星的形狀。使用一個適當大小的望遠鏡，這是它在沉悶的夜晚出現，但[一架四英寸的折射鏡]顯示它是一個典型的星光熠熠的銀河星團。

性質

它的川普勒分類為I 3 r，表明它高度集中（I），亮度範圍大（3），富含恆星（r）^[9]。

M93距離地球大約3,380光年^[1]，在空間中的半徑從太陽半徑到5光年^[3]，潮汐半徑為7017123935569190808♠13.1±2.3 ly^[4]，和核心半徑為4.2 ly^[10]。它的年齡估計為3億8730萬年^[1]，它幾乎位於銀河平面上，其軌道與銀河核心在28—29 kly（8.5—8.9 kpc）之間變動，軌道週期超過 7002242700000000000♠242.7±7.9百萬年^[1]。

在M93中發現了54顆變星，包括一顆慢脈動B型變星，一顆旋轉橢球變星，七顆盾牌座δ型變星，六顆劍魚座γ型變星和一顆雜交δ^[b] Sct/γ Dor^[c]脈動器^[11]。還有四個光譜聯星系統，包括一個黃離散星組件^[12]。

圖集

梅西耶93圖集圖像
M93的尋星圖

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Wu, Zhen-Yu; et al, The orbits of open clusters in the Galaxy, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, November 2009, 399 (4): 2146–2164, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399.2146W, arXiv:0909.3737 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15416.x.
^ Messier 93. SEDS Messier Catalog. [30 April 2022].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Finlay, Warren H., Concise Catalog of Deep-Sky Objects: Astrophysical Information for 550 Galaxies, Clusters and Nebulae, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series 2nd, Springer: 120, 2014, ISBN 978-3319031705
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Piskunov, A. E.; et al, Tidal radii and masses of open clusters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, January 2008, 477 (1): 165–172, Bibcode:2008A&A...477..165P, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078525 .
^ [
http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+2447
NGC 2447] 请检查|url=值 (帮助). SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.
^ Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine, Messier 93, SEDS Messier pages (Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)), September 2, 2007 [2018-12-07].
^ Hoskin, Michael, Gazing at the starry heavens, Astronomy & Geophysics, February 1, 2016, 57 (1): 1.22–1.25, Bibcode:2016A&G....57a1.22H, doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atw038 
^ Houston, Walter Scott. Deep-Sky Wonders. Sky Publishing Corporation. 2005. ISBN 978-1-931559-23-2.
^ Maitzen, H. M., Photoelectric Search for Peculiar Stars in Open Clusters - Part Fourteen - NGC1901 NGC2169 NGC2343 CR:132 NGC2423 and NGC2447, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, November 1993, 102 (1): 1, Bibcode:1993A&AS..102....1M.
^ Piskunov, A. E.; et al, Towards absolute scales for the radii and masses of open clusters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, June 2007, 468 (1): 151–161, Bibcode:2007A&A...468..151P, arXiv:astro-ph/0702517 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077073.
^ Eyer, L.; Eggenberger, P.; Greco, C.; Saesen, S.; Anderson, R. I.; Mowlavi, N., Time resolved surveys of stellar clusters, JENAM 2010, Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting held 6-10 September, 2010 in Lisbon Portugal: 212, September 2010, Bibcode:2010jena.confE.212E, 212.
^ da Silveira, M. D.; et al, Red giants and yellow stragglers in the young open cluster NGC 2447, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, June 2018, 476 (4): 4907–4931, Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.4907D, doi:10.1093/mnras/sty265

^ On March 20
^ Delta Scuti
^ Gamma Doradus

外部連結

SEDS: Open Star Cluster M93
WikiSky上关于M93的内容：DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, 氢α, X射线, 天文照片, 天图, 文章和图片
Gray, Meghan; Zarnecki, John. M93 – Open Cluster. Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran. [2018-12-05].

天球赤道座標： 07^h 44.6^m 00^s，−23° 52′ 00″

[Wu2009-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Wu, Zhen-Yu; et al, The orbits of open clusters in the Galaxy, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, November 2009, 399 (4): 2146–2164, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399.2146W, arXiv:0909.3737 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15416.x.

[2] Messier 93. SEDS Messier Catalog. [30 April 2022].

[Finlay2014-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Finlay, Warren H., Concise Catalog of Deep-Sky Objects: Astrophysical Information for 550 Galaxies, Clusters and Nebulae, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series 2nd, Springer: 120, 2014, ISBN 978-3319031705

[Piskunov2008-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Piskunov, A. E.; et al, Tidal radii and masses of open clusters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, January 2008, 477 (1): 165–172, Bibcode:2008A&A...477..165P, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078525 .

[simbad-5] [
http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+2447
NGC 2447] 请检查|url=值 (帮助). SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.

[Frommert2007-7] Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine, Messier 93, SEDS Messier pages (Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)), September 2, 2007 [2018-12-07].

[Hoskin2016-8] Hoskin, Michael, Gazing at the starry heavens, Astronomy & Geophysics, February 1, 2016, 57 (1): 1.22–1.25, Bibcode:2016A&G....57a1.22H, doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atw038 

[WSH-9] Houston, Walter Scott. Deep-Sky Wonders. Sky Publishing Corporation. 2005. ISBN 978-1-931559-23-2.

[Maitzen1993-10] Maitzen, H. M., Photoelectric Search for Peculiar Stars in Open Clusters - Part Fourteen - NGC1901 NGC2169 NGC2343 CR:132 NGC2423 and NGC2447, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, November 1993, 102 (1): 1, Bibcode:1993A&AS..102....1M.

[Piskunov2007-11] Piskunov, A. E.; et al, Towards absolute scales for the radii and masses of open clusters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, June 2007, 468 (1): 151–161, Bibcode:2007A&A...468..151P, arXiv:astro-ph/0702517 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077073.

[Eyer2010-14] Eyer, L.; Eggenberger, P.; Greco, C.; Saesen, S.; Anderson, R. I.; Mowlavi, N., Time resolved surveys of stellar clusters, JENAM 2010, Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting held 6-10 September, 2010 in Lisbon Portugal: 212, September 2010, Bibcode:2010jena.confE.212E, 212.

[Silveira2018-15] Silveira, M. D.; et al, Red giants and yellow stragglers in the young open cluster NGC 2447, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, June 2018, 476 (4): 4907–4931, Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.4907D, doi:10.1093/mnras/sty265

[6] On March 20

[12] Delta Scuti

[13] Gamma Doradus

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[a]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[b]

[c]

[11]

[12]

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
+{{{Infobox open cluster
-{{ Cluster |
-| image = [[File:Messier object 093.jpg]]
+ | image     = [[Image:M93 Eguivar.jpg|300px]]
+ | caption   = 在船尾座的疏散星團。
-| name = 梅西耶93
+ | name      = 梅西耶93（M93）
-| epoch = J2000.0
-| class = I,3,r
+ | epoch     = J2000.0
+ | class     = I,3,r
-| ra = 07<sup>h</sup>&nbsp;44.6<sup>m</sup>
+ | constellation = [[船尾座]]
-| dec = −23° 52′
+ | ra        = {{RA|07|44|30.0}}<ref name=Wu2009/>
-| dist_ly = 3,600 [[光年]]
+ | dec       = {{Dec|−23|51|24}}<ref name=Wu2009/>
-| dist_pc = 1,100 秒差距
+ | dist_ly   = {{cvt|1.037|kpc|kly|order=flip|lk=on}}<ref name=Wu2009/>
-| appmag_v = 6.0
+ | appmag_v  = 6.0<ref>{{cite web |url=https://messier.seds.org/m/m093.html |title=Messier 93 |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=SEDS Messier Catalog}}</ref>
-| size_v = 22.0′
+ | size_v    = 10′<ref name=Finlay2014/>
-| mass_kg =
-| mass_msol =
+ | mass_msol = 723<ref name=Piskunov2008/>
-| radius_ly = 10
+ | radius_ly = 5<ref name=Finlay2014/>
+ | age       = 387.3&nbsp;Myr<ref name=Wu2009/>
-| v_hb =
-| age = 一億年
+ | notes     =
+ | names     = [[NGC天體表|NGC]] 2447、[[科林德目錄|Cr]] 160,  OCl 649.0 <ref name=simbad/>
-| notes =
-| names = NGC 2447
 }}
-{{DisambigNav|M|93}}
-'''M93'''（'''NGC 2447'''）是位在[[船尾座]]的一個[[疏散星團]]，於1781年被[[查爾斯·梅西耶|梅西耶]]發現。
+'''梅西耶93'''或'''M93'''，也稱為'''NGC 2447'''，是位於南天[[星座]][[船尾座]]中的一個[[疏散星團]]。[[船尾座]]是從廢棄的[[南船座]]中拆解出來的星座。
-M93至[[地球]]的距離大約是3,600[[光年]]，估計半徑在10至12光年，估計年齡是一億年。
+== 觀察史和外觀 ==
+它是由[[查理斯·梅西耶]]發現的，然後在1781年被添加到他的類[[彗星]]天體目錄中{{efn|On March 20}}<ref name=Frommert2007/>。[[威廉·赫歇爾]]的妹妹[[卡羅琳·赫歇爾]]在1783年獨立發現了它，認為它還沒有被梅西耶編目<ref name=Hoskin2016/>。
+[[沃爾特·史考特·休斯頓]]（1993年辭世）描述了它的外觀<ref name="WSH"/>：
+<blockquote>一些觀察者提到這個星團具有海星的形狀。使用一個適當大小的望遠鏡，這是它在沉悶的夜晚出現，但[一架四英寸的折射鏡]顯示它是一個典型的星光熠熠的銀河星團。</blockquote>
+== 性質 ==
+它的[[疏散星團#型態和分類|川普勒分類]]為I 3 r，表明它高度集中（I），亮度範圍大（3），富含恆星（r）<ref name=Maitzen1993/>。
+M93距離[[地球]]大約3,380[[光年]]<ref name=Wu2009/>，在空間中的半徑從[[太陽半徑]]到5光年<ref name=Finlay2014/>，[[球狀星團#半徑|潮汐半徑]]為{{Val|13.1|2.3|u=ly}}<ref name=Piskunov2008/>，和核心半徑為{{cvt|1.3|pc|ly|order=flip|disp=out}}<ref name=Piskunov2007/>。它的年齡估計為3億8730萬年<ref name=Wu2009/>，它幾乎位於[[銀河平面]]上，其軌道與[[銀心|銀河核心]]在{{cvt|8.5|–|8.9|kpc|kly|order=flip}}之間變動，軌道週期超過 {{Val|242.7|7.9}}百萬年<ref name=Wu2009/>。
+在M93中發現了54顆[[變星]]，包括一顆[[慢脈動B型變星]]，一顆[[旋轉橢球變星]]，七顆[[矮造父變星|盾牌座δ型變星]]，六顆[[劍魚座γ型變星]]和一顆雜交δ{{efn|Delta Scuti}} Sct/γ Dor{{efn| Gamma Doradus}}脈動器<ref name=Eyer2010/>。還有四個[[光譜聯星]]系統，包括一個[[藍離散星|黃離散星]]組件<ref name=Silveira2018/>。
+== 圖集 ==
+<gallery>
+Image:Messier object 093.jpg|梅西耶93圖集圖像
+Image:M93map.png|M93的尋星圖
+</gallery>
+== 相關條目 ==
+* [[梅西耶天體列表]]
+== 參考資料 ==
+{{reflist|refs=
+<ref name=simbad>{{cite simbad | title=NGC 2447 | access-date=2018-12-06 }}</ref>
+<ref name=Maitzen1993>{{citation
+ | title=Photoelectric Search for Peculiar Stars in Open Clusters - Part Fourteen - NGC1901 NGC2169 NGC2343 CR:132 NGC2423 and NGC2447
+ | last1=Maitzen | first1=H. M.
+ | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement
+ | volume=102 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 1993
+ | bibcode=1993A&AS..102....1M | postscript=. }}</ref>
+<ref name=Frommert2007>{{citation
+ | first1=Hartmut | last1=Frommert
+ | first2=Christine | last2=Kronberg
+ | title=Messier 93 | work=SEDS Messier pages
+ | publisher=Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)
+ | date=September 2, 2007
+ | url=http://www.messier.seds.org/m/m093.html
+ | access-date=2018-12-07 | postscript=. }}</ref>
+<ref name="WSH">{{cite book
+ | last = Houston
+ | first = Walter Scott
+ | author-link=Walter Scott Houston
+ | title = Deep-Sky Wonders
+ | publisher = Sky Publishing Corporation
+ | year = 2005
+ | isbn = 978-1-931559-23-2}}</ref>
+<ref name=Wu2009>{{Citation | display-authors=1
+ | last1=Wu | first1 = Zhen-Yu | last2=Zhou | first2 = Xu
+ | last3=Ma | first3 = Jun | last4=Du | first4 = Cui-Hua
+ | title=The orbits of open clusters in the Galaxy
+ | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
+ | volume=399 | issue=4 | pages=2146–2164 | date=November 2009
+ | arxiv=0909.3737 | bibcode=2009MNRAS.399.2146W
+ | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15416.x | postscript=. }}</ref>
+<ref name=Eyer2010>{{citation
+ | contribution=Time resolved surveys of stellar clusters
+ | last1=Eyer | first1=L. | last2=Eggenberger | first2=P.
+ | last3=Greco | first3=C. | last4=Saesen | first4=S.
+ | last5=Anderson | first5=R. I. | last6=Mowlavi | first6=N.
+ | title=JENAM 2010, Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting held 6-10 September, 2010 in Lisbon Portugal
+ | pages=212 | date=September 2010 | id=212
+ | bibcode=2010jena.confE.212E | postscript=. }}</ref>
+<ref name=Silveira2018>{{citation
+ | title=Red giants and yellow stragglers in the young open cluster NGC 2447
+ | last1=da Silveira | first1=M. D. | last2=Pereira | first2=C. B.
+ | last3=Drake | first3=N. A. | display-authors=1
+ | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
+ | volume=476 | issue=4 | pages=4907–4931 | date=June 2018
+ | doi=10.1093/mnras/sty265 | bibcode=2018MNRAS.476.4907D }}</ref>
+<ref name=Finlay2014>{{citation
+ | title=Concise Catalog of Deep-Sky Objects: Astrophysical Information for 550 Galaxies, Clusters and Nebulae
+ | series=The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series
+ | first1=Warren H. | last1=Finlay
+ | edition=2nd | publisher=Springer
+ | year=2014 | isbn=978-3319031705 | page=120
+ | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJDIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120 }}</ref>
+<ref name=Piskunov2008>{{citation
+ | display-authors=1 | last1=Piskunov | first1=A. E.
+ | last2=Schilbach | first2=E. | last3=Kharchenko | first3=N. V.
+ | last4=Röser | first4=S. | last5=Scholz | first5=R.-D.
+ | title=Tidal radii and masses of open clusters
+ | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | postscript=.
+ | volume=477 | issue=1 | pages=165–172 | date=January 2008
+ | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078525 | bibcode=2008A&A...477..165P | doi-access=free }}</ref>
+<ref name=Piskunov2007>{{citation
+ | title=Towards absolute scales for the radii and masses of open clusters
+ | last1=Piskunov | first1=A. E. | last2=Schilbach | first2=E.
+ | last3=Kharchenko | first3=N. V. | last4=Röser | first4=S.
+ | last5=Scholz | first5=R. -D. | display-authors=1
+ | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | postscript=.
+ | volume=468 | issue=1 | pages=151–161 | date=June 2007
+ | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077073 | bibcode=2007A&A...468..151P | arxiv=astro-ph/0702517 }}</ref>
+<ref name=Hoskin2016>{{citation
+ | title=Gazing at the starry heavens
+ | first1=Michael | last1=Hoskin
+ | journal=Astronomy & Geophysics
+ | volume=57 | issue=1 | date=February 1, 2016 | pages=1.22–1.25
+ | doi=10.1093/astrogeo/atw038 | bibcode=2016A&G....57a1.22H | doi-access=free }}</ref>
+}}
+{{notelist}}
 == 外部連結 ==
+{{commonscat}}
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080411152338/http://seds.org/MESSIER/m/m093.html Open Cluster M93 @ SEDS Messier pages]
+* [http://messier.seds.org/m/m093.html SEDS: Open Star Cluster M93]
+* {{WikiSky}}
+* {{cite web
+ | last=Gray|first=Meghan
+ | last2=Zarnecki | first2=John | author-link2=John Zarnecki
+ | title=M93 – Open Cluster | access-date=2018-12-05
+ | work=Deep Sky Videos|publisher=[[Brady Haran]]
+ | url=http://www.deepskyvideos.com/videos/messier/M93_open_cluster.html }}
+{{Sky|07|44.6|00|-|23|52|00|3600}}
+{{Portal bar|天文學|恆星|太空}}
-{{Star-cluster-stub}}
-{{梅西耶天体}}
+{{梅西耶天體}}
+{{Ngc25}}
-[[Category:疏散星團|Messier 093]]
+[[Category:疏散星團|M093]]
-[[Category:船尾座|Messier 093]]
+[[Category:獵戶臂]]
+[[Category:船尾座|M093]]
 [[Category:梅西耶天體|093]]
+[[Category:NGC天體|M093]]
+[[Category: 1781年發現的天體]]
+[[Category:梅西耶的發現]]