偽齒鳥屬:修订间差异
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#REDIRECT [[遠洋鳥屬]] |
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| taxon = Pseudodontornis |
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| authority = [[Kálmán Lambrecht|Lambrecht]], 1930 |
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{{Redirect category shell| |
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| subdivision = '''长齿伪齿鸟''' ''P. longidentata'' <small>[[Colin James Oliver Harrison|Harrison]] & [[Cyril Alexander Walker|C.A.Walker]], 1976 (存疑)</small><br /> |
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{{移動重定向}} |
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'''长吻伪齿鸟''' ''P. longirostris'' <small>(Spulski, 1910) ([[模式种]])</small><br /> |
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'''斯氏伪齿鸟''' ''P. stirtoni'' <small>[[Hildegarde Howard|Howard]] & Warter, 1969 (存疑)</small><br /> |
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'''细嘴伪齿鸟''' ''P. tenuirostris'' <small>Harrison, 1985 (存疑)</small><br /> |
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'''楚氏伪齿鸟''' ''P. tshulensis'' <small>(Aver'janov, Panteleev, Potapova & [[Lev Alexandrovich Nesov|Nesov]], 1991) (存疑)</small><br /> |
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详见内文 |
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| synonyms = '''新齿鸟属''' ''Neodontornis'' <small>[[Colin James Oliver Harrison|Harrison]] & [[Cyril Alexander Walker|C.A.Walker]], 1976</small> |
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| fossil_range = 晚[[古新世]] - 早[[始新世]], {{fossilrange|58.7|48.6}} |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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}} |
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'''伪齿鸟属'''(学名:''Pseudodontornis'')又称'''拟齿鸟属''',是[[遠洋鳥科|远洋鸟科]]下的一个有争议的[[属]],该属可能是一个[[多系群]]。作为[[遠洋鳥科|齿翼鸟目]]的一员,伪齿鸟的分类地位同样具有争议,它们可能是[[水鳥類|水鸟类]]的近亲,也可能属于[[鸡雁小纲]]。通常情况下多达五个物种被归入该属。<ref>Olson (1985: pp.198–199), Bourdon (2005), Mlíkovský (2002: p.82), Mayr (2009: pp.56,59)</ref> |
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目前看来,“伪齿鸟属”应当是一个[[裸名]]。20世纪的研究者常使用“伪齿鸟科”或“伪齿鸟类”泛指伪齿鸟所属的类群,但如今人们更喜欢使用“远洋鸟类”这样不那么充满争议的称谓。[[遠洋鳥屬|远洋鸟属]]是[[遠洋鳥科|远洋鸟科]]的模式属,其早期标本并不包含头骨,因此该属长久以来并没有被视为一种伪齿鸟类。但随着进一步研究的开展,人们意识到远洋鸟实际上也是一种“伪齿鸟类”,根据生物命名学法则,基于假齿形态建立的“伪齿鸟科”晚于“远洋鸟科”,故“伪齿鸟科”的叫法应该被废止,该类群应该被称为“远洋鸟科”或“远洋鸟类”。<ref>Lanham (1947), Brodkorb (1963: pp.262–263), Olson (1985: p.198), Mlíkovský (2002: p.81), Rincón R. & Stucchi (2003), paleocene-mammals.de (2008), Mayr (2009: pp.55–59)</ref> |
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== 模式种及其特征 == |
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模式种'''长吻伪齿鸟'''(学名:''P. longirostris'')最初被置于[[齒翼鳥屬|齿翼鸟属]]下,该种描述自一个购自化石贩子的不完整但保存较完好的<ref>相较于其他远洋鸟类而言,这类鸟的骨头以薄壁和脆弱著称,它们的化石通常以压碎态或碎片呈现: Olson (1985: pp.194–195).</ref>不知道产地和化石年代的头骨,化石商人从一个从[[巴西]]归来的水手手上买来了这一标本,但人们普遍认为该标本来自[[北海 (大西洋)|北海]]地区。如果该标本来自欧洲,根据保存情况推断,该标本应当属于[[始新世]],但如果该标本来自其他地方,其准确年代则无从得知。此外,一块产自[[南卡罗来纳州]]查尔斯顿附近的远洋鸟类右下颌骨标本( [[皮博迪自然史博物館|YPM]] 4617)因为尺寸和外观上的相似也被暂时归入了长吻伪齿鸟,起初人们认为这块标本来自早[[中新世]], 但现在人们一般认为其来自晚[[漸新世|渐新世]]。除此之外,一些产自中[[中新世]][[智利]]的化石也被错误的归入了长吻伪齿鸟,这些标本可能属于[[遠洋鳥屬|远洋鸟属]]。<ref>Hopson (1964), Olson (1985: pp.196–198), Matsuoka ''et al.'' (1998), Mlíkovský (2002: p.82), Rincón R. & Stucchi (2003), paleocene-mammals.de (2008)</ref> |
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目前长吻伪齿鸟的模式标本已经丢失了,但自其描述看,该属可能是晚[[渐新世]][[拟古鹅属]]的异名,甚至两者之一或两者可能都是[[中新世]][[遠洋鳥屬|远洋鸟属]]的异名。像后者一样,伪齿鸟口中每两个大“牙齿”之间有一个小“牙齿”;但该物种是否像远洋鸟或[[骨齿鸟]]一样拥有更小的齿,目前无从得知。其[[枕骨]]结构不像早始新世的[[森林鸟属|森林鸟]]或[[齒翼鳥屬|齿翼鸟]],反而更像晚[[古近纪]]的远洋鸟类,其结构甚至与[[新近纪]]的远洋鸟类(如远洋鸟属)有所相似。长吻伪齿鸟的[[方骨]]像[[齒翼鳥屬|齿翼鸟]]一样有一个较宽的主轴,两者都有宽阔的侧脊,但齿翼鸟的是弯曲的,而伪齿鸟的是直的。与齿翼鸟和骨齿鸟不同,长吻伪齿鸟的方骨后的[[方軛骨|方轭骨]]更靠后。不论它们之间的关系如何,这个神秘的头骨必然属于一只相当巨大的远洋鸟类,它活着的时候翼展可以达到5至6米。<ref>Hopson (1964), Olson (1985: p.198), Ono (1989), Matsuoka ''et al.'' (1998), Mayr (2008)</ref> |
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== 其他物种 == |
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除模式种'''长吻伪齿鸟'''外的其余四个被归入伪齿鸟属的物种是否属于伪齿鸟属仍然存在争议。'''细嘴伪齿鸟'''(学名:''P. tenuirostris'')是一个发现于英国[[赫恩贝]]晚[[古新世]]至早[[始新世]]<ref>Mlíkovský (1996): "[[Mammal Paleogene zone|MP8-9]]" ([[Ypresian]]), Mayr (2009: p.56): "late Paleocene"</ref>的远洋鸟类;'''楚氏伪齿鸟'''(学名:''P. tshulensis'')是发现于苏联时代[[哈萨克斯坦]]的一个物种,有时会被归入齿翼鸟属;'''长齿伪齿鸟'''(学名:''P. longidentata'')是一类发现于英国[[伦敦粘土组]]的物种,可能是[[巨齿翼鸟]](该属本身也可能是齿翼鸟属的同物异名)或[[森林鸟]]的同物异名。<ref>Mlíkovský (1996, 2002: pp.81–82), paleocene-mammals.de (2008), Mayr (2009: p.56)</ref> |
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'''斯氏“伪齿鸟”'''(学名:''"P." stirtoni'')是一个存疑的伪齿鸟属新近纪成员。这一物种描述自发现于[[南島 (新西蘭)|新西兰南岛]]的破碎颅骨和头骨。有人认为该标本来自350万年前的晚[[上新世]],<ref>Formerly Middle Pliocene: Walker & Geissman (2009)</ref>如果属实,该物种将成为最晚的远洋鸟类之一。该物种头骨与北太平洋同时期的[[骨齿鸟]]较相似,但其体型只有后者的一半大。有研究者建议将该物种独立建立单型属'''新齿鸟属'''(学名:''Neodontornis''),但大部分人并不同意这种做法,因为该化石与长吻伪齿鸟的相似度并不小。<ref>Scarlett (1972), Olson (1985: pp.198–200), Goedert (1989), Matsuoka ''et al.'' (1998), González-Barba ''et al.'' (2002), Rincón R. & Stucchi (2003), Mayr (2008, 2009: p.59)</ref> |
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产自早至中中新世[[俄勒冈州]]阿斯托利亚组和奈伊组的一些远洋鸟类化石也被归入了伪齿鸟属。然而这是作者的问题,这些标本只能被称为“伪齿鸟类”,并不能归入“伪齿鸟属”。这些遗骸可能与骨齿鸟属关。<ref>Olson (1985: p.198), Becker (1987), Goedert (1989)</ref> |
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== 脚注 == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== 参考文献 == |
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* Becker, J.J. (1987): Neogene avian localities of North America. ''Smithsonian Research Monographs'' '''1'''. Prentice Hall & IBD. {{ISBN|0-87474-225-0}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Bourdon, Estelle |year=2005 |title=Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes) |journal=[[Naturwissenschaften]] |volume=92 |issue=12 |pages=586–591 |bibcode=2005NW.....92..586B |doi=10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0 |pmid=16240103 |s2cid=9453177}} [[doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0|Electronic supplement]] |
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* {{cite journal |author=Brodkorb, Pierce |author-link=Pierce Brodkorb |year=1963 |title=Catalogue of fossil birds. Part 1 (Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes) |url=http://fulltext10.fcla.edu/cgi/t/text/text–idx?c=feol&idno=UF00001514&format=pdf |journal=Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=179–293}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Goedert, James L. |year=1989 |title=Giant Late Eocene Marine Birds (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from Northwestern Oregon |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=63 |issue=6 |pages=939–944 |doi=10.1017/S0022336000036647 |jstor=1305659}} |
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* {{cite journal |author1=González-Barba, Gerardo |author2=Schwennicke, Tobias |author3=Goedert, James L. |author4=Barnes, Lawrence G. |name-list-style=amp |year=2002 |title=Earliest Pacific Basin record of the Pelagornithidae (Aves, Pelecaniformes) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=722–725 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0722:EPBROT]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0272-4634}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Hopson, James A. |year=1964 |title=''Pseudodontornis'' and other large marine birds from the Miocene of South Carolina |url=https://archive.org/details/postilla831964peab |journal=Postilla |volume=83 |pages=1–19}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Lanham, Urless N. |year=1947 |title=Notes on the phylogeny of the Pelecaniformes |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v064n01/p0065-p0070.pdf |journal=[[Auk (journal)|Auk]] |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=65–70 |doi=10.2307/4080063 |jstor=4080063}} |
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* {{cite journal |author1=Matsuoka, Hirosige |author2=Sakakura, Fujio |author3=Ohe, Fumio |name-list-style=amp |year=1998 |title=A Miocene pseudodontorn (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from the Ichishi Group of Misato, Mie Prefecture, Central Japan |url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/lognavi?name=nels&lang=en&type=pdf&id=ART0002971529 |journal=Paleontological Research |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=246–252}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Mayr, Gerald |year=2008 |title=A skull of the giant bony-toothed bird Dasornis (Aves: Pelagornithidae) from the Lower Eocene of the Isle of Sheppey |journal=[[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]] |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1116 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00798.x |doi-access=free}} |
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* Mayr, Gerald (2009): ''Paleogene Fossil Birds''. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg & New York. {{ISBN|3-540-89627-9}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=McKee, Joseph W.A. |year=1985 |title=A pseudodontorn (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from the middle Pliocene of Hawera, Taranaki, New Zealand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uww4AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA181 |journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=181–184 |doi=10.1080/03014223.1985.10428278}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Mlíkovský, Jirí |year=1996 |title=Tertiary avian localities of the United Kingdom |url=http://www.nm.cz/download/pm/zoo/mlikovsky_lit/106-1996-TertiaryofUnitedKingdom.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Acta Universitatis Carolinae: Geologica |volume=39 |pages=759–771 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412212332/http://www.nm.cz/download/pm/zoo/mlikovsky_lit/106-1996-TertiaryofUnitedKingdom.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-12 |access-date=2009-08-20}} |
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* Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): [https://web.archive.org/web/20110520101755/http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf ''Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe'']. Ninox Press, Prague.<!-- This should be treated with extreme caution as regards merging of species. Splits are usually good though. See also critical review in Auk121:623-627 here http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200404/ai_n9396879 --> |
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* [[Storrs Olson|Olson, Storrs L.]] (1985): [http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/6553/1/VZ_167_Fossil_Record_of_Birds.pdf The Fossil Record of Birds]. ''In:'' Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): ''Avian Biology'' '''8''': 79–252. |
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* {{cite journal |author=Ono, Keiichi |year=1989 |title=A Bony-Toothed Bird from the Middle Miocene, Chichibu Basin, Japan |url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/lognavi?name=nels&lang=en&type=pdf&id=ART0006480358 |journal=Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series C: Geology & Paleontology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=33–38}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} |
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* [http://www.paleocene-mammals.de/pal_birds.htm Genera and species of Paleocene birds]. paleocene-mammals.de. Version of 2008-FEB-10. Retrieved 2009-AUG-04. |
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* {{cite journal |author1=Rincón R., Ascanio D. |author2=Stucchi, Marcelo |name-list-style=amp |year=2003 |title=Primer registro de la familia Pelagornithidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) para Venezuela [First record of Pelagornithidae family from Venezuela] |url=http://www.monografias.com/trabajos-pdf2/primer-registro-familia-pelagornithidae-aves/primer-registro-familia-pelagornithidae-aves.pdf |journal=Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Espeleología |language=Spanish, English |volume=37 |pages=27–30}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Scarlett, R.J. |year=1972 |title=Bone of a presumed odontopterygian bird from the Miocene of New Zealand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NtA4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA269 |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=269–274 |doi=10.1080/00288306.1972.10421960 |doi-access=free}} |
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* {{cite journal |author1=Walker, J.D. |author2=Geissman, J.W. |name-list-style=amp |year=2009 |title=2009 GSA Geologic Time Scale |journal=[[GSA Today]] |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=60–61 |doi=10.1130/1052-5173-19.4-5.60 |doi-access=free}} |
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{{泛雞雁類|state=expanded}} |
2023年4月5日 (三) 11:54的版本
伪齿鸟属 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 鸟纲 Aves |
目: | †齒翼鳥目 Odontopterygiformes |
科: | †远洋鳥科 Pelagornithidae |
属: | †伪齿鸟属 Pseudodontornis Lambrecht, 1930 |
Species | |
长齿伪齿鸟 P. longidentata Harrison & C.A.Walker, 1976 (存疑) | |
異名 | |
新齿鸟属 Neodontornis Harrison & C.A.Walker, 1976 |
伪齿鸟属(学名:Pseudodontornis)又称拟齿鸟属,是远洋鸟科下的一个有争议的属,该属可能是一个多系群。作为齿翼鸟目的一员,伪齿鸟的分类地位同样具有争议,它们可能是水鸟类的近亲,也可能属于鸡雁小纲。通常情况下多达五个物种被归入该属。[1]
目前看来,“伪齿鸟属”应当是一个裸名。20世纪的研究者常使用“伪齿鸟科”或“伪齿鸟类”泛指伪齿鸟所属的类群,但如今人们更喜欢使用“远洋鸟类”这样不那么充满争议的称谓。远洋鸟属是远洋鸟科的模式属,其早期标本并不包含头骨,因此该属长久以来并没有被视为一种伪齿鸟类。但随着进一步研究的开展,人们意识到远洋鸟实际上也是一种“伪齿鸟类”,根据生物命名学法则,基于假齿形态建立的“伪齿鸟科”晚于“远洋鸟科”,故“伪齿鸟科”的叫法应该被废止,该类群应该被称为“远洋鸟科”或“远洋鸟类”。[2]
模式种及其特征
模式种长吻伪齿鸟(学名:P. longirostris)最初被置于齿翼鸟属下,该种描述自一个购自化石贩子的不完整但保存较完好的[3]不知道产地和化石年代的头骨,化石商人从一个从巴西归来的水手手上买来了这一标本,但人们普遍认为该标本来自北海地区。如果该标本来自欧洲,根据保存情况推断,该标本应当属于始新世,但如果该标本来自其他地方,其准确年代则无从得知。此外,一块产自南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿附近的远洋鸟类右下颌骨标本( YPM 4617)因为尺寸和外观上的相似也被暂时归入了长吻伪齿鸟,起初人们认为这块标本来自早中新世, 但现在人们一般认为其来自晚渐新世。除此之外,一些产自中中新世智利的化石也被错误的归入了长吻伪齿鸟,这些标本可能属于远洋鸟属。[4]
目前长吻伪齿鸟的模式标本已经丢失了,但自其描述看,该属可能是晚渐新世拟古鹅属的异名,甚至两者之一或两者可能都是中新世远洋鸟属的异名。像后者一样,伪齿鸟口中每两个大“牙齿”之间有一个小“牙齿”;但该物种是否像远洋鸟或骨齿鸟一样拥有更小的齿,目前无从得知。其枕骨结构不像早始新世的森林鸟或齿翼鸟,反而更像晚古近纪的远洋鸟类,其结构甚至与新近纪的远洋鸟类(如远洋鸟属)有所相似。长吻伪齿鸟的方骨像齿翼鸟一样有一个较宽的主轴,两者都有宽阔的侧脊,但齿翼鸟的是弯曲的,而伪齿鸟的是直的。与齿翼鸟和骨齿鸟不同,长吻伪齿鸟的方骨后的方轭骨更靠后。不论它们之间的关系如何,这个神秘的头骨必然属于一只相当巨大的远洋鸟类,它活着的时候翼展可以达到5至6米。[5]
其他物种
除模式种长吻伪齿鸟外的其余四个被归入伪齿鸟属的物种是否属于伪齿鸟属仍然存在争议。细嘴伪齿鸟(学名:P. tenuirostris)是一个发现于英国赫恩贝晚古新世至早始新世[6]的远洋鸟类;楚氏伪齿鸟(学名:P. tshulensis)是发现于苏联时代哈萨克斯坦的一个物种,有时会被归入齿翼鸟属;长齿伪齿鸟(学名:P. longidentata)是一类发现于英国伦敦粘土组的物种,可能是巨齿翼鸟(该属本身也可能是齿翼鸟属的同物异名)或森林鸟的同物异名。[7]
斯氏“伪齿鸟”(学名:"P." stirtoni)是一个存疑的伪齿鸟属新近纪成员。这一物种描述自发现于新西兰南岛的破碎颅骨和头骨。有人认为该标本来自350万年前的晚上新世,[8]如果属实,该物种将成为最晚的远洋鸟类之一。该物种头骨与北太平洋同时期的骨齿鸟较相似,但其体型只有后者的一半大。有研究者建议将该物种独立建立单型属新齿鸟属(学名:Neodontornis),但大部分人并不同意这种做法,因为该化石与长吻伪齿鸟的相似度并不小。[9]
产自早至中中新世俄勒冈州阿斯托利亚组和奈伊组的一些远洋鸟类化石也被归入了伪齿鸟属。然而这是作者的问题,这些标本只能被称为“伪齿鸟类”,并不能归入“伪齿鸟属”。这些遗骸可能与骨齿鸟属关。[10]
脚注
- ^ Olson (1985: pp.198–199), Bourdon (2005), Mlíkovský (2002: p.82), Mayr (2009: pp.56,59)
- ^ Lanham (1947), Brodkorb (1963: pp.262–263), Olson (1985: p.198), Mlíkovský (2002: p.81), Rincón R. & Stucchi (2003), paleocene-mammals.de (2008), Mayr (2009: pp.55–59)
- ^ 相较于其他远洋鸟类而言,这类鸟的骨头以薄壁和脆弱著称,它们的化石通常以压碎态或碎片呈现: Olson (1985: pp.194–195).
- ^ Hopson (1964), Olson (1985: pp.196–198), Matsuoka et al. (1998), Mlíkovský (2002: p.82), Rincón R. & Stucchi (2003), paleocene-mammals.de (2008)
- ^ Hopson (1964), Olson (1985: p.198), Ono (1989), Matsuoka et al. (1998), Mayr (2008)
- ^ Mlíkovský (1996): "MP8-9" (Ypresian), Mayr (2009: p.56): "late Paleocene"
- ^ Mlíkovský (1996, 2002: pp.81–82), paleocene-mammals.de (2008), Mayr (2009: p.56)
- ^ Formerly Middle Pliocene: Walker & Geissman (2009)
- ^ Scarlett (1972), Olson (1985: pp.198–200), Goedert (1989), Matsuoka et al. (1998), González-Barba et al. (2002), Rincón R. & Stucchi (2003), Mayr (2008, 2009: p.59)
- ^ Olson (1985: p.198), Becker (1987), Goedert (1989)
参考文献
- Becker, J.J. (1987): Neogene avian localities of North America. Smithsonian Research Monographs 1. Prentice Hall & IBD. ISBN 0-87474-225-0
- Bourdon, Estelle. Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes). Naturwissenschaften. 2005, 92 (12): 586–591. Bibcode:2005NW.....92..586B. PMID 16240103. S2CID 9453177. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0. Electronic supplement
- Brodkorb, Pierce. Catalogue of fossil birds. Part 1 (Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences. 1963, 7 (4): 179–293.
- Goedert, James L. Giant Late Eocene Marine Birds (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from Northwestern Oregon. Journal of Paleontology. 1989, 63 (6): 939–944. JSTOR 1305659. doi:10.1017/S0022336000036647.
- González-Barba, Gerardo; Schwennicke, Tobias; Goedert, James L. & Barnes, Lawrence G. Earliest Pacific Basin record of the Pelagornithidae (Aves, Pelecaniformes). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2002, 22 (2): 722–725. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0722:EPBROT]2.0.CO;2.
- Hopson, James A. Pseudodontornis and other large marine birds from the Miocene of South Carolina. Postilla. 1964, 83: 1–19.
- Lanham, Urless N. Notes on the phylogeny of the Pelecaniformes (PDF). Auk. 1947, 64 (1): 65–70. JSTOR 4080063. doi:10.2307/4080063.
- Matsuoka, Hirosige; Sakakura, Fujio & Ohe, Fumio. A Miocene pseudodontorn (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from the Ichishi Group of Misato, Mie Prefecture, Central Japan. Paleontological Research. 1998, 2 (4): 246–252.[永久失效連結]
- Mayr, Gerald. A skull of the giant bony-toothed bird Dasornis (Aves: Pelagornithidae) from the Lower Eocene of the Isle of Sheppey. Palaeontology. 2008, 51 (5): 1107–1116. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00798.x .
- Mayr, Gerald (2009): Paleogene Fossil Birds. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg & New York. ISBN 3-540-89627-9
- McKee, Joseph W.A. A pseudodontorn (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from the middle Pliocene of Hawera, Taranaki, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 1985, 12 (2): 181–184. doi:10.1080/03014223.1985.10428278.
- Mlíkovský, Jirí. Tertiary avian localities of the United Kingdom (PDF). Acta Universitatis Carolinae: Geologica. 1996, 39: 759–771 [2009-08-20]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-04-12).
- Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Prague.
- Olson, Storrs L. (1985): The Fossil Record of Birds. In: Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): Avian Biology 8: 79–252.
- Ono, Keiichi. A Bony-Toothed Bird from the Middle Miocene, Chichibu Basin, Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series C: Geology & Paleontology. 1989, 15 (1): 33–38.[永久失效連結]
- Genera and species of Paleocene birds. paleocene-mammals.de. Version of 2008-FEB-10. Retrieved 2009-AUG-04.
- Rincón R., Ascanio D. & Stucchi, Marcelo. Primer registro de la familia Pelagornithidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) para Venezuela [First record of Pelagornithidae family from Venezuela] (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Espeleología. 2003, 37: 27–30 (Spanish及English).
- Scarlett, R.J. Bone of a presumed odontopterygian bird from the Miocene of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 1972, 15 (2): 269–274. doi:10.1080/00288306.1972.10421960 .
- Walker, J.D. & Geissman, J.W. 2009 GSA Geologic Time Scale. GSA Today. 2009, 19 (4): 60–61. doi:10.1130/1052-5173-19.4-5.60 .
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