罗宾·邓巴：修订间差异

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{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox person/Wikidata | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes }}
| honorific_suffix = {{postnom|country=GBR|size=100|FBA|FRAI}}
⚫
'''罗宾·I·M·邓巴'''（{{lang-en|Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar}}，{{bd|1947年|6月28日||}}）是一位[[英国]][[人类学]]家和[[演化心理學]]家<ref name=britac>{{cite web |url=http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=1242 |title=British Academy Fellows Archive |publisher=[[British Academy]] |access-date=2007-12-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202132717/http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=1242 |archive-date=2008-02-02 }}</ref><ref name=humanism>{{cite web |url=http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/people/distinguished-supporters/Professor-Robin-Dunbar-FBA |title=Professor Robin Dunbar FBA |publisher=[[British Humanist Association]] |access-date=2007-12-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717063057/http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/people/distinguished-supporters/Professor-Robin-Dunbar-FBA |archive-date=2012-07-17 }} </ref>，专攻[[灵长类]]的行为，知名于提出了[[邓巴数]]<ref name="pmid21098277">{{Cite journal
| name = 罗宾·邓巴<br>Robin Dunbar
| last1 = Shultz | first1 = S.
| image = Robin Dunbar (6293027302).jpg
| last2 = Dunbar | first2 = R.
| caption = 攝於2011年
| author-link2 = Robin Dunbar
| birth_name = Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar
| doi = 10.1073/pnas.1005246107
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|06|28}}<ref name="whoswho">{{cite web |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U14279 |title=DUNBAR, Prof. Robin Ian MacDonald |work=Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press }}{{subscription required}}</ref>
| title = Encephalization is not a universal macroevolutionary phenomenon in mammals but is associated with sociality
| birth_place = {{UK}}[[英格蘭]][[蘭開夏郡]][[利物浦]]
| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
| volume = 107
| death_date =
| issue = 50
| death_place =
| alma_mater = [[牛津大學莫德林學院]]（[[文學學士|BA]]、[[文學碩士|MA]]）<br>[[布里斯托爾大學]]（[[哲學博士|PhD]]）
| pages = 21582–21586
| known_for = [[鄧巴數]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M. | author-link1 = 罗宾·邓巴| title = Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates | doi = 10.1016/0047-2484(92)90081-J | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 469–493| year = 1992 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Dunbar | first2 = R. I. M. | doi = 10.1007/s12110-003-1016-y | title = Social network size in humans | journal = Human Nature | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–72 | year = 2003 | pmid = 26189988| citeseerx = 10.1.1.585.3484 | s2cid = 11036621 }}</ref><ref name="dunbarsno">{{cite book |author=Dunbar, Robin I. M. |title=How many friends does one person need?: Dunbar's number and other evolutionary quirks |publisher=Faber and Faber |location=London |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-571-25342-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/howmanyfriendsdo0000dunb }}</ref><br>{{le|人類智慧的進化|Evolution of human intelligence|社會大腦假說}}<br>[[語言的起源|八卦假說]]<br>[[獅尾狒|狒狒]]研究<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Barrett | first1 = L. | last2 = Dunbar | first2 = R. I. M. | author-link2 = 罗宾·邓巴| last3 = Dunbar | first3 = P. | doi = 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80211-8 | title = Mother-infant contact as contingent behaviour in gelada baboons | journal = Animal Behaviour | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 805–810 | year = 1995 | s2cid = 53152282 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M. | author-link1 = 罗宾·邓巴| title = Determinants and evolutionary consequences of dominance among female gelada baboons | doi = 10.1007/BF00300665 | journal = Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–265 | year = 1980 | s2cid = 28369135 }}</ref><ref name="dominance"/>
| year = 2010
| spouse = {{marriage|Eva Patricia Melvin|1971}}<ref name="whoswho"/><ref name="dominance"/>
| pmid = 21098277
| awards =
| pmc =3003036
| website = {{URL|https://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/team/robin-dunbar}}
| bibcode = 2010PNAS..10721582S
| fields = [[人類學]]、[[演化心理學]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Opie | first1 = C. | last2 = Atkinson | first2 = Q. D. | last3 = Dunbar | first3 = R. I. M. | last4 = Shultz | first4 = S. | title = Male infanticide leads to social monogamy in primates | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1307903110 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | year = 2013 | pmid = 23898180| pmc = 3746880| volume=110 | issue = 33 | pages=13328–13332| bibcode = 2013PNAS..11013328O | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| doi-access = free
| workplaces = [[布里斯托爾大學]]<br>[[斯德哥爾摩大學]]<br>[[劍橋大學]]<br>[[牛津大學]]<br>[[倫敦大學學院]]<br>[[利物浦大學]]
}}</ref>。
| thesis_title = ''The social organisation of the gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada)''
| thesis_year = 1974
| thesis_url = http://www.theses.com
}}
⚫
'''罗宾·伊恩·麦克唐纳·邓巴''' {{postnom|country=GBR|FBA|FRAI}}（{{lang-en|Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar}}，{{bd|1947年|6月28日||}}<ref name=britac>{{cite web |url=http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=1242 |title=British Academy Fellows Archive |publisher=[[British Academy]] |access-date=2007-12-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202132717/http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=1242 |archive-date=2 February 2008 }}</ref><ref name=humanism>{{cite web |url=http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/people/distinguished-supporters/Professor-Robin-Dunbar-FBA |title=Professor Robin Dunbar FBA |publisher=[[British Humanist Association]] |access-date=2007-12-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717063057/http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/people/distinguished-supporters/Professor-Robin-Dunbar-FBA |archive-date=17 July 2012 }}</ref>）是一名[[英國]][[人類學|生物人類學家]]、[[演化心理學|演化心理學家]]和[[靈長類學|靈長類動物]]行為專家<ref name="pmid21098277">{{Cite journal | last1 = Shultz | first1 = S. | last2 = Dunbar | first2 = R. | author-link2 = 罗宾·邓巴| doi = 10.1073/pnas.1005246107 | title = Encephalization is not a universal macroevolutionary phenomenon in mammals but is associated with sociality | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 107 | issue = 50 | pages = 21582–21586 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21098277
| pmc =3003036 | bibcode = 2010PNAS..10721582S | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Bentley | first2 = R. A. | last3 = Dunbar | first3 = R. I. M. | author-link3 = 罗宾·邓巴| doi = 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 | title = Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies | journal = Biology Letters | volume = 4 | issue = 6 | pages = 748–751 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18765349 | pmc =2614163 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M. | author-link1 = 罗宾·邓巴| doi = 10.1186/1741-7007-5-21 | title = Male and female brain evolution is subject to contrasting selection pressures in primates | journal = BMC Biology | volume = 5 | page = 21 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17493267 | pmc =1876205 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M.
| title = The price of being at the top | doi = 10.1038/373022a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 373 | issue = 6509 | pages = 22–23 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7800033 | bibcode = 1995Natur.373...22D | s2cid = 4310682 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. | title = The monkeys' defence alliance | doi = 10.1038/386555a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 386 | issue = 6625 | pages = 555–7| year = 1997 | pmid = 9121575 | bibcode = 1997Natur.386..555D | s2cid = 2064690 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M. | last2 = Pawlowski | first2 = B. | last3 = Lipowicz | first3 = A. | title = Tall men have more reproductive success | journal = Nature | volume = 403 | issue = 6766 | page = 156 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/35003107 | pmid = 10646589 | bibcode = 2000Natur.403..156P | s2cid = 7722496 | doi-access = free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M. | title = Evolutionary biology: What's in a baboon's behind? | doi = 10.1038/35065773 | journal = Nature | volume = 410 | issue = 6825 | page = 158 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11258375 | s2cid = 31256568 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R.
| title = PSYCHOLOGY: Evolution of the Social Brain | doi = 10.1126/science.1092116 | journal = Science | volume = 302 | issue = 5648 | pages = 1160–1161 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14615522 | s2cid = 144329128 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M. | last2 = Shultz | first2 = S. | doi = 10.1126/science.1145463 | title = Evolution in the Social Brain | journal = Science | volume = 317 | issue = 5843 | pages = 1344–1347 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17823343 | bibcode = 2007Sci...317.1344D | s2cid = 1516792 }}</ref>。鄧巴是[[牛津大學]]實驗心理學系社會與演化神經科學研究小組的演化心理學榮譽教授。他最著名的成就是提出[[鄧巴數]]<ref name="dunbarsno"/>，它是對「一個人能夠與之保持穩定關係的個體數量的認知極限」的測量<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Processing power limits social group size: computational evidence for the cognitive costs of sociality|journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences|date = 2013-08-22|issn = 0962-8452|pmc = 3712454|pmid = 23804623|page = 20131151|volume = 280|issue = 1765|doi = 10.1098/rspb.2013.1151|language = en|first1 = T.|last1 = Dávid-Barrett|first2 = R. I. M.|last2 = Dunbar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = How conversations around campfires came to be|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date = 2014-09-30|issn = 0027-8424|pmc = 4191795|pmid = 25246572|pages = 14013–14014|volume = 111|issue = 39|doi = 10.1073/pnas.1416382111|language = en|first = Robin I. M.|last = Dunbar|bibcode = 2014PNAS..11114013D|doi-access = free}}</ref>。


== 早年生活和教育 ==
==参考文献==
鄧巴是工程師的兒子，曾在[[布拉克利]]{{le|馬格達倫學院學校 (布拉克利)|Magdalen College School, Brackley|馬格達倫學院學校}}接受教育<ref name="whoswho"/>。他後來就讀於[[牛津大學莫德林學院]]<ref name="whoswho"/>，他的老師包括[[尼古拉斯·廷貝亨]]。1969年，他獲得了心理學和哲學文學學士學位<ref name="whoswho" />。之後，鄧巴就讀於[[布里斯托大學]]心理系，並於1974年完成關於[[獅尾狒]]社會組織的博士學位<ref name="dunbarphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Robin Ian MacDonald|last=Dunbar |title=The social organisation of the gelada monkey (Theropithecus gelada) |publisher=University of Bristol |date=1974 |url=http://www.theses.com|author-link=罗宾·邓巴}}{{subscription required}}</ref>。
⚫
{{reflist}}

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==外部链接==
鄧巴當了兩年自由科學作家<ref name=humanism/>。他在2019年的《{{le|The Life Scientific}}》節目中告訴[[英國廣播公司|BBC]]採訪者[[吉姆·艾爾-哈利利]]，他在40歲時才「找到第一份真正的工作」<ref>"The Life Scientific" interview, BBC Radio Four, 23 July 2019, https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0006zt6</ref>。
⚫
* [http://www.hbes.com/ The Human Behaviour and Evolution Society] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hbes.com/ |date=20191209235034 }}

⚫
* [http://www.pulse-project.org/node/40 What Makes us Human] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pulse-project.org/node/40 |date=20200806211038 }} Pulse Project Podcast: What Makes us Human? (22 October 2008, Oxford)
== 學術生涯 ==
鄧巴的學術和研究生涯包括1977年至1982年在[[布里斯托大學]]<ref name="dominance">{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunbar | first1 = R. I. M. | last2 = Dunbar | first2 = E. P. | doi = 10.1038/266351a0 | title = Dominance and reproductive success among female gelada baboons | journal = Nature | volume = 266 | issue = 5600 | pages = 351–352 | year = 1977 | pmid = 404565| bibcode = 1977Natur.266..351D | s2cid = 4159540 }}</ref>、[[劍橋大學]]，1987年至1994年在[[倫敦大學學院]]。1994年，鄧巴成為[[利物浦大學]]演化心理學教授，但於2007年離開[[利物浦]]，前往[[牛津大學]]擔任認知與演化人類學研究所所長一職<ref name=britac/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.liv.ac.uk/evolpsyc/dunbar.html |title=Prof. Robin Dunbar FBA |publisher=liv.ac.uk |access-date=2007-12-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071104143754/http://www.liv.ac.uk/evolpsyc/dunbar.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-11-04}}</ref>。2012年，在獲得{{le|歐洲研究理事會|European Research Council}}的競爭性研究基金後，鄧巴來到牛津大學實驗心理學系工作。

鄧巴曾是[[英國國家學術院]]百年研究計畫（BACRP）「從露西到語言：社會大腦考古學」的聯合主任，並參與英國科學院百年研究計畫「確定世界宗教彙輯」。

利物浦大學進化心理學和行為生態學研究小組可提供他撰寫或與他人合作撰寫的部分已發表文章的電子版。

2015年，鄧巴被[[大不列顛和愛爾蘭皇家人類學學會]]理事會授予[[湯瑪斯·亨利·赫胥黎|赫胥黎紀念獎章]]，以表彰他對人類學的貢獻，這是皇家人類學研究所所擁有的最高榮譽。鄧巴也是{{le|英國人道主義協會|Humanists UK}}的傑出人文主義支持者。

== 榮譽 ==
* [[利物浦大學]]心理學講座教授（1994）<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=cache:0Lguj1bOUlUJ:www.liv.ac.uk/commsec/pdfs/emeritus_professors,_chairs_and_honorary_graduates.pdf+%22Robin+Ian+MacDonald+Dunbar%22&hl=en&gl=us |title=Faculty of Science |publisher=liv.ac.uk |access-date=2007-12-02 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[英國國家學術院]]院士（1998）<ref name=humanism/>
* [[大不列顛和愛爾蘭皇家人類學學會]]赫胥黎紀念獎章（2015）

== 大眾文化 ==
在《[[生活大爆炸|-{zh-hans:生活大爆炸; zh-hant:宅男行不行;}-]]》第四季第20集中，{{le|艾米·法拉·福勒|Amy Farrah Fowler}}在聽[[布萊恩·葛林]]的講座時與[[謝爾頓·庫珀]]交談，提到了鄧巴的作品。

鄧巴是[[哈拉瑞]]的著作《[[人類大歷史]]》改編成[[圖像小說]]（2020年）中的一個重要人物。

{{le|布萊克·克勞奇|Blake Crouch}}的小說《{{le|Upgrade (小說)|Upgrade (novel)|Upgrade}}》（2022年）的後記描述了鄧巴的工作。

== 參考資料 ==
⚫
{{reflist|30em}}

⚫
== 外部連結 ==
⚫
* [http://www.hbes.com/ The Human Behaviour and Evolution Society]
⚫
* [http://www.pulse-project.org/node/40 What Makes us Human] Pulse Project Podcast: What Makes us Human? (22 October 2008, Oxford)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150704125032/http://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/team/principal-investigators/robin-dunbar/ University of Oxford Department of Experimental Psychology profile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150704125032/http://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/team/principal-investigators/robin-dunbar/ University of Oxford Department of Experimental Psychology profile]


{{Evolutionary psychology}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunbar, Robin}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunbar, Robin}}
[[Category:英國生物學家]]
[[Category:演化心理學家]]
[[Category:演化心理學家]]
[[Category:人类演化理论家]]
[[Category:靈長類學家]]
[[Category:灵长类学家]]
[[Category:人類演化理論家]]
[[Category:英国语言学家]]
[[Category:英國語言學家]]
[[Category:英国人类学家]]
[[Category:英國人類學家]]
[[Category:人类学作家]]
[[Category:人類學作家]]
[[Category:牛津大学麦格达伦学院校友]]
[[Category:牛津大學麥格達倫學院校友]]
[[Category:倫敦大學學院教授]]
[[Category:倫敦大學學院教授]]
[[Category:英國國家學術院院士]]
[[Category:英國國家學術院院士]]

2023年11月9日 (四) 03:29的版本

罗宾·邓巴
Robin Dunbar
FBA FRAI
攝於2011年
出生Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar
(1947-06-28) 1947年6月28日（76歲）[1]
 英国英格蘭蘭開夏郡利物浦
母校牛津大學莫德林學院（BA、MA）
布里斯托爾大學（PhD）
知名于鄧巴數[2][3][4]
社會大腦假說（英语：Evolution of human intelligence）
八卦假說
狒狒研究[5][6][7]
配偶Eva Patricia Melvin（1971年结婚）[1][7]
网站www.psy.ox.ac.uk/team/robin-dunbar
科学生涯
研究领域人類學、演化心理學[8]
机构布里斯托爾大學
斯德哥爾摩大學
劍橋大學
牛津大學
倫敦大學學院
利物浦大學
论文The social organisation of the gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada)（1974）

罗宾·伊恩·麦克唐纳·邓巴 FBA FRAI（英語：Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar，1947年6月28日—[9][10]）是一名英國生物人類學家、演化心理學家和靈長類動物行為專家[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]。鄧巴是牛津大學實驗心理學系社會與演化神經科學研究小組的演化心理學榮譽教授。他最著名的成就是提出鄧巴數[4]，它是對「一個人能夠與之保持穩定關係的個體數量的認知極限」的測量[20][21]。

早年生活和教育

鄧巴是工程師的兒子，曾在布拉克利馬格達倫學院學校（英语：Magdalen College School, Brackley）接受教育[1]。他後來就讀於牛津大學莫德林學院[1]，他的老師包括尼古拉斯·廷貝亨。1969年，他獲得了心理學和哲學文學學士學位[1]。之後，鄧巴就讀於布里斯托大學心理系，並於1974年完成關於獅尾狒社會組織的博士學位[22]。

鄧巴當了兩年自由科學作家[10]。他在2019年的《The Life Scientific（英语：The Life Scientific）》節目中告訴BBC採訪者吉姆·艾爾-哈利利，他在40歲時才「找到第一份真正的工作」[23]。

學術生涯

鄧巴的學術和研究生涯包括1977年至1982年在布里斯托大學[7]、劍橋大學，1987年至1994年在倫敦大學學院。1994年，鄧巴成為利物浦大學演化心理學教授，但於2007年離開利物浦，前往牛津大學擔任認知與演化人類學研究所所長一職[9][24]。2012年，在獲得歐洲研究理事會（英语：European Research Council）的競爭性研究基金後，鄧巴來到牛津大學實驗心理學系工作。

鄧巴曾是英國國家學術院百年研究計畫（BACRP）「從露西到語言：社會大腦考古學」的聯合主任，並參與英國科學院百年研究計畫「確定世界宗教彙輯」。

利物浦大學進化心理學和行為生態學研究小組可提供他撰寫或與他人合作撰寫的部分已發表文章的電子版。

2015年，鄧巴被大不列顛和愛爾蘭皇家人類學學會理事會授予赫胥黎紀念獎章，以表彰他對人類學的貢獻，這是皇家人類學研究所所擁有的最高榮譽。鄧巴也是英國人道主義協會（英语：Humanists UK）的傑出人文主義支持者。

榮譽

大眾文化

在《生活大爆炸》第四季第20集中，艾米·法拉·福勒（英语：Amy Farrah Fowler）在聽布萊恩·葛林的講座時與謝爾頓·庫珀交談，提到了鄧巴的作品。

鄧巴是哈拉瑞的著作《人類大歷史》改編成圖像小說（2020年）中的一個重要人物。

布萊克·克勞奇（英语：Blake Crouch）的小說《Upgrade（英语：Upgrade (novel)）》（2022年）的後記描述了鄧巴的工作。

參考資料

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