替代性争端解决方式
| 替代性争端解决方式 |
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替代性争端解决方式（Alternative dispute resolution，简称ADR，不过在澳洲称为external dispute resolution(外部争议解决机制)[1]）是称让有争议的双方在第三方的协助下，达到共识的争议解决程序及技巧[1]。常用在双方没有进行诉讼，但无法达成共识的情形下。不过，越来越多的法庭也会使用替代性争端解决方式来让争议双方得到共识[2][3]。替代性争端解决方式是一集合名词，其中包括许多使双方可以结束争议的方式，可以有第三者的协助，也可以只由争议双方进行。
在历史上有许多政党以及其支持者不赞成替代性争端解决方式，不过近年来此方式又开始获得大众以及法律工作者的接受[何时？]。有些法院会要求在案件审判之前，需先进行特定类型的替代性争端解决方式（例如调解）。2008年的《欧盟调解指令》（the European Mediation Directive）时明确考虑所谓的“强制”调解，意思是诉讼双方一定要出席调解，但不要求一定要在调解中得到共识[4]。另外，并购交易的双方也越来越常用替代性争端解决方式来处理并购后的一些争议[5]。
替代性争端解决方式开始受到欢迎，其原因是因为传统法庭工作量的增加、认知到替代性争端解决方式的支出比诉讼要低、基于保密的考量、以及比较可以决定由谁来处理此一争议[6]。有些执法地区（例如英格兰及威尔士）的高级法院非常倾向用调解来处理争议。自从1990年代开始，美国法院也越来越提倡用替代性争端解决方式来处理争议[7]。不过还不太清楚诉讼当事人是否可以适当的识别他们可用的替代性争端解决方式，并且进而使用，因此会限制其有效性[8]。
常见的替代性争端解决方式有谈判、调解、collaborative law、仲裁、conciliation等。
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Australian Securities and Investments Commission - Complaints resolution schemes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Asic.gov.au. Retrieved on 2013-07-14.
- ^ J. Pirie, Andrew. Alternative dispute resolution : skills, science, and the law. Toronto, Ontario: Irwin Law. 2000: 5. ISBN 9781459313477.
- ^ "Islam, Sharia and Alternative Dispute Resolution: Mechanisms for Legal Redress in the Muslim Community", published 30 June 2013, London, UK: IB Tauris & Co. ISBN 9780857722386
- ^ DIRECTIVE 2008/52/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. Official Journal of the European Union. 21 May 2008 [17 June 2019]. （原始内容存档于11 June 2019）.
- ^ Litvak, Jeff; Miller, Brent. Using Due Diligence and Alternative Dispute Resolutions to Resolve Post-Acquisition Disputes. Transaction Advisors. ISSN 2329-9134. （原始内容存档于23 July 2015）.
- ^ Totaro, Gianna., "Avoid court at all costs" The Australian Financial Review 14 November 2008. (19 April 2010)
- ^ Shestwosky, Donna. When Ignorance Is Not Bliss: An Empirical Study of Litigant's Awareness of Court-Sponsored Alternative Dispute Resolution Programs. Harvard Negotiation Law Review. 2016–2017, 22: 191. SSRN 2945706
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- ^ Shestowsky, Donna. When Ignorance Is Not Bliss: An Empirical Study of Litigant's Awareness of Court-Sponsored Alternative Dispute Resolution Programs. Harvard Negotiation Law Review. 2016–2017, 22: 192–193. SSRN 2945706 .
相关条目[编辑]
延伸阅读[编辑]
- Lynch, J. "ADR and Beyond: A Systems Approach to Conflict Management", Negotiation Journal, Volume 17, Number 3, July 2001, Volume, p. 213.
- Gary Born. "International Commercial Arbitration" (2009 Kluwer).
- William Ury, Roger Fisher, Bruce Patton. "Getting to Yes" (1981 Penguin Group).
外部链接[编辑]
- European Mediation Training for Practitioners of Justice - EMTPJ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Party-Directed Mediation: Facilitating Dialogue Between Individuals （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Gregorio Billikopf, free complete book PDF download, at the University of California (3rd Edition, posted 24 March 2014)
- Party-Directed Mediation: Facilitating Dialogue Between Individuals by Gregorio Billikopf, free complete book download, from Internet Archive (3rd Edition, multiple file formats including PDF, EPUB, and others)
- ADR International Register （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） ISO based registration and certification for ADR practitioners such as arbitrators, conflictcoaches, mediators and negotiators.