瓶水仙属

瓶水仙属
	瓶水仙 Urceolina urceolata
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
目：	天門冬目 Asparagales
科：	石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae
亚科：	石蒜亚科 Amaryllidoideae
族：	南美水仙族 Eucharideae
属：	瓶水仙属 Urceolina; Rchb.
模式種
	瓶水仙; Urceolina urceolata; (Herb.) Herb.
異名
	× Calicharis Meerow; Caliphruria Herb.; Collania Schult. & Schult.f.; Eucharis Planch. & Linden; Leperiza Herb.; Microdontocharis Baill.; Pseudourceolina Vargas; × Urceocharis Mast.; Urceolaria Herb. 1821, illegitimate homonym not J. D. Brandis 1786 (Gesneriaceae) nor Willd. ex Cothen. 1790 (Rubiaceae) nor Molina 1810 (Gesneriaceae);

瓶水仙属（學名：Urceolina）也称作坛水仙属，是石蒜科的一个属，原产南美洲和中美洲热带地区。^[1]根据最近的分子系统发生学研究，雄蕊杯退化的狭义瓶水仙属、号角水仙属（學名：Caliphruria；除了C. korsakoffii之外）、龙须水仙（學名：Eucrosia dodsonii）以及雄蕊杯显著的南美水仙属（學名：Eucharis）应当合并成同一个属。本属许多物种在英文中俗称亚马孙百合（英語：Amazon lily）。

下属物种[编辑]

本属包含以下物种：^[1]^[2]

南美水仙 Urceolina amazonica (Linden ex Planch.) Christenh. & Byng (= Eucharis amazonica Linden ex Planch.)
星杯南美水仙 Urceolina astrophiala Ravenna (= Eucharis astrophiala (Ravenna) Ravenna)
阿亚库乔瓶水仙 Urceolina ayacucensis Ravenna
侧花南美水仙 Urceolina bakeriana (N.E.Br.) Traub (= Eucharis bakeriana N.E.Br.)
短柄南美水仙 Urceolina bonplandii (Kunth) Traub (= Eucharis bonplandii (Kunth) Traub)
中美水仙 Urceolina bouchei (Woodson & P.Allen) Traub (= Eucharis bouchei Woodson & P.Allen)
白花南美水仙 Urceolina candida (Planch. & Linden) Traub (= Eucharis candida Planch. & Linden)
小花南美水仙 Urceolina castelnaeana (Baill.) Traub (= Eucharis castelnaeana (Baill.) J.F.Macbr.)
考卡水仙 Urceolina caucana (Meerow) Christenh. & Byng (= Eucharis caucana Meerow)
棒蕊南美水仙 Urceolina corynandra Ravenna (= Eucharis corynandra (Ravenna) Ravenna)
库斯科瓶水仙 Urceolina cuzcoensis Vargas
蓝种南美水仙 Urceolina cyaneosperma (Meerow) Christenh. & Byng (= Eucharis cyaneosperma Meerow)
龙须水仙 Urceolina dodsonii (Meerow & Dehgan) Meerow (= Eucrosia dodsonii Meerow & Dehgan)
美丽南美水仙 Urceolina formosa (Meerow) Christenh. & Byng (= Eucharis formosa Meerow)
褐黄瓶水仙 Urceolina fulva Herb.
尖齿号角水仙 Urceolina hartwegiana (Herb.) Traub (= Caliphruria hartwegiana Herb.)
宽叶瓶水仙 Urceolina latifolia (Herb.) Benth. & Hook.f.
尖齿南美水仙 Urceolina lehmannii (Regel) Traub (= Eucharis lehmannii Regel)
细瓶水仙 Urceolina microcrater Kraenzl.
短叶南美水仙 Urceolina moorei (Baker) Christenh. & Byng (= Eucharis moorei (Baker) Meerow)
尖蕊南美水仙 Urceolina oxyandra Ravenna (= Eucharis oxyandra (Ravenna) Ravenna)
褶杯南美水仙 Urceolina plicata (Meerow) Christenh. & Byng (= Eucharis plicata Meerow)
假瓶水仙 Urceolina robledoana (Vargas) Traub
短柱南美水仙 Urceolina ruthiana (L.Jost, Oleas & Meerow) Christenh. & Byng (= Eucharis ruthiana L.Jost, Oleas & Meerow)
少花南美水仙 Urceolina sanderi (Baker) Traub (= Eucharis sanderi Baker)
号角水仙 Urceolina subedentata (Baker) Traub (= Caliphruria subedentata Baker)
软花号角水仙 Urceolina tenera (Baker) Traub (= Caliphruria tenera Baker)
黑种南美水仙 Urceolina ulei (Kraenzl.) Traub (= Eucharis ulei Kraenzl.)
瓶水仙 Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Asch. & Graebn.

杂交种[编辑]

Urceolina × butcheri (Traub) Traub (= × Calicharis butcheri (Traub) Meerow)
Urceolina × clibranii (Mast.) Traub (= × Urceocharis clibranii Mast.)
Urceolina × edentata (C.H.Wright) Traub (= × Urceocharis edentata C.H.Wright)
短杯南美水仙 Urceolina × grandiflora (Planch. & Linden) Traub (= Eucharis × grandiflora Planch. & Linden)
Eucharis × stevensii hort. ex N.E.Br.^[3]

栽培与用途[编辑]

普遍栽培供观赏的物种有南美水仙（學名：Urceolina amazonica）、短杯南美水仙（學名：Urceolina × grandiflora）、号角水仙（學名：Urceolina subedentata）等。^[4]它通过去除偏移来繁殖，这可在春季完成，将它们单独盆栽在15厘米的盆中。它需要肥沃的土壤和足够的沙子来保持堆肥开放，并且应该有充足的水供应。它适合在夜间温度为18°至20°C，白天升至25°C的环境。在夏季，换盆可以促进植物生长，但之后应将植物移至约15°C的夜间温度，这可让植物稍微休息一下。有时也可暂停浇水一段时间，但作为一个常绿植物，不得让它干燥太久。到年底，它们可能会再次获得更多的热量和更多的水分，这可能会促使它们开花。^[4]有了较小的植物储备，可以连续种植它们，就有可能全年开花。^[4]

南美水仙 Urceolina amazonica
白花南美水仙 Urceolina candida
短杯南美水仙 Urceolina × grandiflora
号角水仙 Urceolina subedentata

参考资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Urceolina Rchb.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2023-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-03）.
^ Meerow, Alan W.; Gardner, Elliot M.; Nakamura, Kyoko. Phylogenomics of the Andean tetraploid clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a polyploid generic radiation abetted by continental geodynamics. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020, 11. ISSN 1664-462X. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.582422/full.
^ Brown, Nicholas Edward. New or Noteworthy Plants. The Gardeners' Chronicle, ser. 3. 1890-05-24, 7 (178): 640–641 [2023-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-12）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 此句或之前多句包含来自公有领域出版物的文本: Chisholm, Hugh (编). Eucharis. Encyclopædia Britannica 9 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 868. 1911.

[Kew-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Urceolina Rchb.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2023-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-03）.

[2] Meerow, Alan W.; Gardner, Elliot M.; Nakamura, Kyoko. Phylogenomics of the Andean tetraploid clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a polyploid generic radiation abetted by continental geodynamics. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020, 11. ISSN 1664-462X. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.582422/full.

[3] Brown, Nicholas Edward. New or Noteworthy Plants. The Gardeners' Chronicle, ser. 3. 1890-05-24, 7 (178): 640–641 [2023-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-12）.

[EB1911-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 此句或之前多句包含来自公有领域出版物的文本: Chisholm, Hugh (编). Eucharis. Encyclopædia Britannica 9 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 868. 1911.

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