時程 (專案管理)：修订间差异
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通过翻译页面“Schedule (project management)”创建 |
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| ⚫ | 在[[專案管理]]領域，'''專案時程表'''會列出[[项目|專案]]的[[Milestone (project management)|里程碑]]、[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_(project_management)][[Task (project management)|活動]]與[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliverable][[Deliverable|交付成果]]，並且會有預定開始與結束時間。相關項目通常由[[https:Resource allocation|專案資源分配]]、[[預算]]、工作[[https:Duration (project management)|週期]]、[[https:Dependency (project management)|依賴性]]、與日期事件來[[https:Estimation (project management)|建立]]。專案排程表通常使用做為[[專案管理]]中，[[https:Project planning|專案規畫]]與[[https:Project portfolio management|專案投資組合管理]]的一部分。專案管理時程表可以透過[[工作分解结构|工作分解結構]]（WBS）來顯示[[https:Work breakdown structure#Terminal element|逐一元件]]、[[https:Statement of work|同性質工作區段]]或者[[合約資料需求清單]]。 |
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{{copyedit|time=2017-10-30T06:28:28+00:00}} |
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{{roughtranslation|time=2017-10-30T06:28:28+00:00}} |
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| ⚫ | 在[[專案管理]]領域，'''專案時程表'''會列出[[项目|專案]]的 |
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== 概觀 == |
== 概觀 == |
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在工業製造領域 |
在工業製造領域（例如工程與建築），通常會視專案規模的大小，雇用全職的專案時程計劃小組或是計畫經理人來維護時程表。時程調配的技巧發展良好<ref>[http://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P042_History%20of%20Scheduing.pdf A Brief History of Scheduling (PDF)]</ref> 但整個工業領域並不一致。 [[https:AACE International|成本工程促進協會]]（AACE）是用以推廣與標準化專案時程調度的工業標準、[[项目管理协会|專案管理協會]]（PMI）<ref>{{cite book|title=A Guide to The Project Management Body of Knowledge|author=Project Management Institute|authorlink=Project Management Institute|publisher=Project Management Institute|year=2003|isbn=1-930699-45-X|edition=3rd}} |
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</ref> 與美國政府用以收購<ref>{{cite web|url=https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=37441&lang=en-US|title=Scheduling Guide for Program Managers|accessdate=26 Feb 2014|date=2001|publisher=Defense Systems Management College Press|website=Defense Acquisition University}} |
</ref> 與美國政府用以收購<ref>{{cite web|url=https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=37441&lang=en-US|title=Scheduling Guide for Program Managers|accessdate=26 Feb 2014|date=2001|publisher=Defense Systems Management College Press|website=Defense Acquisition University}} |
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</ref> 和會計<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-89G|title=GAO Schedule Assessment Guide, Best Practices for Project Schedules|accessdate=3 Jun 2016|date=December 2015|publisher=General Accounting Office|website=General Accounting Office}} |
</ref> 和會計<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-89G|title=GAO Schedule Assessment Guide, Best Practices for Project Schedules|accessdate=3 Jun 2016|date=December 2015|publisher=General Accounting Office|website=General Accounting Office}} |
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</ref> 目的。 |
</ref> 目的。 |
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當然，專案時程計畫並非只限制運用在工業領域，一般人也可以運用在組織自己的生活。案例如 |
當然，專案時程計畫並非只限制運用在工業領域，一般人也可以運用在組織自己的生活。案例如： |
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* 房屋裝修計畫 |
* 房屋裝修計畫 |
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* 家庭運動追蹤計畫表 |
* 家庭運動追蹤計畫表 |
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* 指導團隊 |
* 指導團隊 |
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* |
* 婚禮計畫 |
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* 假期計畫 |
* 假期計畫 <br> |
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部分專案管理軟體會提供專案範本、列表與時程表範本，來方便使用者建立各自需求的專案相關計畫。 |
部分專案管理軟體會提供專案範本、列表、與時程表範本，來方便使用者建立各自需求的專案相關計畫。 |
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== 方法 == |
== 方法 == |
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在專案時程建立初期，專案計畫經理需要透過工作分解結構 |
在專案時程建立初期，專案計畫經理需要透過工作分解結構分解（WBS）逐一分析每項作業，並且具備每項可調用資源的列表。 如果當中有某項元件缺少，可以用團隊決策的估計方法建立，如[[https:Wideband delphi|寬帶德菲法]]（團體出牌法）。這樣做的原因是因為計畫原本就是一種預測：每個時間在時程表中都是一個預測，如果該預測的時間沒有顧客來購買，或是沒有員工來工作，那該時程表就不正確。<ref>Stallman, Greene, [http://www.stellman-greene.com/aspm/content/view/18/38/ Applied Software Project Management] O'Reilly press, Nov 2005</ref> |
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建立一個專案時程表，需要透過以下步驟完成：<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geniusproject.com/guide/beginner-guide-project-scheduling/getting-started|title=Beginner's Guide to Project Scheduling|accessdate=15 May 2017|publisher=Genius Project}}</ref> |
建立一個專案時程表，需要透過以下步驟完成：<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geniusproject.com/guide/beginner-guide-project-scheduling/getting-started|title=Beginner's Guide to Project Scheduling|accessdate=15 May 2017|publisher=Genius Project}}</ref> |
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* 專案範疇 |
* 專案範疇 |
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* 活動排序 |
* 活動排序 |
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* 五個週期的工作群組 |
* 五個週期的工作群組（概念、定義、計畫、發行、效能、結束） |
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* 工作相依圖 |
* 工作相依圖 |
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* 關鍵路徑分析 |
* 關鍵路徑分析 |
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* 專案里程碑 <br> |
* 專案里程碑 <br> |
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為了建立一套健全的專案時程表，必須要切中以下重點：<ref>Cutting, Thomas, [http://www.pmhut.com/cultivating-a-healthy-project-schedule Cultivating a Healthy Project Schedule], PM Hut (Last accessed 8 November 2009).</ref> |
為了建立一套健全的專案時程表，必須要切中以下重點：<ref>Cutting, Thomas, [http://www.pmhut.com/cultivating-a-healthy-project-schedule Cultivating a Healthy Project Schedule], PM Hut (Last accessed 8 November 2009).</ref> |
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* 該時程表必須要定期更新 |
* 該時程表必須要定期更新（每周更新一次較佳） |
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* [[挣值管理| |
* [[挣值管理|EAC（預估完成工時]]）數值必須要等於預測基準值 |
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* 剩餘的工作必須要在專案團隊成員之間平均分配 |
* 剩餘的工作必須要在專案團隊成員之間平均分配（包含渡假的成員） <br> |
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專案時程表的結構必須要包含引用工作分解結構或可交付成果的索引，使用定義在WBS之分解或範本來描述產出可交付成果所需的活動。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stsc.hill.af.mil/resources/tech_docs/gsam4.html|title=Guidelines for Successful Acquisition and Management of Software-Intensive Systems, 7.2.1 Activity Definition|accessdate=15 Jan 2016|publisher=USAF Software Technology Support Center}}</ref> |
專案時程表的結構必須要包含引用工作分解結構或可交付成果的索引，使用定義在WBS之分解或範本來描述產出可交付成果所需的活動。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stsc.hill.af.mil/resources/tech_docs/gsam4.html|title=Guidelines for Successful Acquisition and Management of Software-Intensive Systems, 7.2.1 Activity Definition|accessdate=15 Jan 2016|publisher=USAF Software Technology Support Center}}</ref> |
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== 參見 == |
== 參見 == |
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* [[ |
* [[甘特圖]] |
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* [[總體時程表(IMS)]] |
* [[總體時程表(IMS)|總體時程表（IMS]]） |
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* [[项目管理软件比较|專案管理軟體比較]] |
* [[项目管理软件比较|專案管理軟體比較]] |
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* [[https:Project planning|專案規劃]] |
* [[https:Project planning|專案規劃]] |
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== 延伸閱讀 == |
== 延伸閱讀 == |
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* {{Cite book|title=Professional Project Management, The Guide|last=Chamoun|first=Yamal|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=2006|isbn=970-10-5922-0|edition=1st|location=Monterrey, NL MEXICO}} |
* {{Cite book|title=Professional Project Management, The Guide|last=Chamoun|first=Yamal|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=2006|isbn=970-10-5922-0|edition=1st|location=Monterrey, NL MEXICO}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Professional Project Management, The Guide</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Chamoun</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Yamal</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">McGraw Hill</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2006</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">970-10-5922-0</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="edition" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Edition</span><span data-key="edition" title="When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="edition" style="position: relative;">1st</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Monterrey, NL MEXICO</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Chamoun</div></div></div></div> |
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* {{Cite book|title=Project Management (The Briefcase Book Series)|last=Heerkens|first=Gary|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2001|isbn=0-07-137952-5}} |
* {{Cite book|title=Project Management (The Briefcase Book Series)|last=Heerkens|first=Gary|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2001|isbn=0-07-137952-5}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Project Management (The Briefcase Book Series)</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Heerkens</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Gary</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">McGraw-Hill</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2001</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-07-137952-5</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Heerkens</div></div></div></div> |
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* {{Cite web|url=http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/10_Fundamental_Scheduling_Procedures.html|title=Project Management for Construction, chap 10 Fundamental Scheduling Procedures|last=Hendrickson|first=Chris|year=1989|publisher=Prentice-Hall}} |
* {{Cite web|url=http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/10_Fundamental_Scheduling_Procedures.html|title=Project Management for Construction, chap 10 Fundamental Scheduling Procedures|last=Hendrickson|first=Chris|year=1989|publisher=Prentice-Hall}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.">Cite web</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/10_Fundamental_Scheduling_Procedures.html</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of you web browser. Not the name of the website." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Project Management for Construction, chap 10 Fundamental Scheduling Procedures</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Hendrickson</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Chris</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1989</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'Publisher' and 'Website' is redundant in most cases. " class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Prentice-Hall</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0137312665</div></div></div></div> |
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* {{Cite book|title=Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling|last=[[Harold Kerzner|Kerzner, Harold]]|publisher=Wiley|year=2003|isbn=0-471-22577-0|edition=8th}} |
* {{Cite book|title=Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling|last=[[Harold Kerzner|Kerzner, Harold]]|publisher=Wiley|year=2003|isbn=0-471-22577-0|edition=8th}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Kerzner, Harold</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Wiley</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2003</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-471-22577-0</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="edition" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Edition</span><span data-key="edition" title="When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="edition" style="position: relative;">8th</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Kerzner, Harold</div></div></div></div> |
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* {{Cite book|title=Project Management: Tools and Trade-offs|last=Klastorin, Ted|publisher=Wiley|year=2003|isbn=978-0-471-41384-4|edition=3rd}} |
* {{Cite book|title=Project Management: Tools and Trade-offs|last=Klastorin, Ted|publisher=Wiley|year=2003|isbn=978-0-471-41384-4|edition=3rd}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Project Management: Tools and Trade-offs</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Klastorin, Ted</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Wiley</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2003</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0-471-41384-4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="edition" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Edition</span><span data-key="edition" title="When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="edition" style="position: relative;">3rd</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Klastorin, Ted</div></div></div></div> |
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* {{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of Project Management|last=Lewis|first=James|publisher=American Management Association|year=2002|isbn=0-8144-7132-3|edition=2nd}} |
* {{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of Project Management|last=Lewis|first=James|publisher=American Management Association|year=2002|isbn=0-8144-7132-3|edition=2nd}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Fundamentals of Project Management</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Lewis</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">James</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">American Management Association</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-8144-7132-3</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="edition" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Edition</span><span data-key="edition" title="When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="edition" style="position: relative;">2nd</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Lewis</div></div></div></div> |
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* {{Cite book|title=Project Management : A Managerial Approach|last=Meredith, Jack R.|authorlink=Jack R. Meredith|last2=Mantel, Samuel J.|publisher=Wiley|year=2002|isbn=0-471-07323-7|edition=5th}} |
* {{Cite book|title=Project Management : A Managerial Approach|last=Meredith, Jack R.|authorlink=Jack R. Meredith|last2=Mantel, Samuel J.|publisher=Wiley|year=2002|isbn=0-471-07323-7|edition=5th}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Project Management : A Managerial Approach</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Meredith, Jack R.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name 2</span><span data-key="last2" title="The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last2" style="position: relative;">Mantel, Samuel J.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Wiley</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-471-07323-7</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="edition" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Edition</span><span data-key="edition" title="When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="edition" style="position: relative;">5th</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="author-link" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Author link</span><span data-key="author-link" title="Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="author-link" style="position: relative;">Jack R. Meredith</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Meredith, Jack R.</div></div></div></div> |
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* {{Cite book|title=FASTER Construction Projects with CPM Scheduling|last=Woolf, Murray B., PMP|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=978-0-07-148660-6|edition=1st}} |
* {{Cite book|title=FASTER Construction Projects with CPM Scheduling|last=Woolf, Murray B., PMP|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=978-0-07-148660-6|edition=1st}} |
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">FASTER Construction Projects with CPM Scheduling</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Woolf, Murray B., PMP</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">McGraw-Hill</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2007</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0-07-148660-6</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="edition" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Edition</span><span data-key="edition" title="When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="edition" style="position: relative;">1st</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Woolf, Murray B., PMP</div></div></div></div> |
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[[Category:项目管理]] |
[[Category:项目管理]] |
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[[Category:系统工程]] |
[[Category:系统工程]] |
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2017年10月31日 (二) 03:29的版本
在專案管理領域，專案時程表會列出專案的里程碑、[1]活動與[2]交付成果，並且會有預定開始與結束時間。相關項目通常由專案資源分配、預算、工作週期、依賴性、與日期事件來建立。專案排程表通常使用做為專案管理中，專案規畫與專案投資組合管理的一部分。專案管理時程表可以透過工作分解結構（WBS）來顯示逐一元件、同性質工作區段或者合約資料需求清單。
概觀
在工業製造領域（例如工程與建築），通常會視專案規模的大小，雇用全職的專案時程計劃小組或是計畫經理人來維護時程表。時程調配的技巧發展良好[1] 但整個工業領域並不一致。 成本工程促進協會（AACE）是用以推廣與標準化專案時程調度的工業標準、專案管理協會（PMI）[2] 與美國政府用以收購[3] 和會計[4] 目的。
當然，專案時程計畫並非只限制運用在工業領域，一般人也可以運用在組織自己的生活。案例如：
- 房屋裝修計畫
- 家庭運動追蹤計畫表
- 指導團隊
- 婚禮計畫
- 假期計畫
部分專案管理軟體會提供專案範本、列表、與時程表範本，來方便使用者建立各自需求的專案相關計畫。
方法
在專案時程建立初期，專案計畫經理需要透過工作分解結構分解（WBS）逐一分析每項作業，並且具備每項可調用資源的列表。 如果當中有某項元件缺少，可以用團隊決策的估計方法建立，如寬帶德菲法（團體出牌法）。這樣做的原因是因為計畫原本就是一種預測：每個時間在時程表中都是一個預測，如果該預測的時間沒有顧客來購買，或是沒有員工來工作，那該時程表就不正確。[5]
建立一個專案時程表，需要透過以下步驟完成：[6]
- 專案範疇
- 活動排序
- 五個週期的工作群組（概念、定義、計畫、發行、效能、結束）
- 工作相依圖
- 關鍵路徑分析
- 專案里程碑
為了建立一套健全的專案時程表，必須要切中以下重點：[7]
- 該時程表必須要定期更新（每周更新一次較佳）
- EAC（預估完成工時）數值必須要等於預測基準值
- 剩餘的工作必須要在專案團隊成員之間平均分配（包含渡假的成員）
專案時程表的結構必須要包含引用工作分解結構或可交付成果的索引，使用定義在WBS之分解或範本來描述產出可交付成果所需的活動。[8]
時程表的管理可以分為對時程表佈署品質和專案時程表管理品質兩面向。[9][10]
參見
參考文獻
- ^ A Brief History of Scheduling (PDF)
- ^ Project Management Institute. A Guide to The Project Management Body of Knowledge 3rd. Project Management Institute. 2003. ISBN 1-930699-45-X.
- ^ Scheduling Guide for Program Managers. Defense Acquisition University. Defense Systems Management College Press. 2001 [26 Feb 2014].
- ^ GAO Schedule Assessment Guide, Best Practices for Project Schedules. General Accounting Office. General Accounting Office. December 2015 [3 Jun 2016].
- ^ Stallman, Greene, Applied Software Project Management O'Reilly press, Nov 2005
- ^ Beginner's Guide to Project Scheduling. Genius Project. [15 May 2017].
- ^ Cutting, Thomas, Cultivating a Healthy Project Schedule, PM Hut (Last accessed 8 November 2009).
- ^ Guidelines for Successful Acquisition and Management of Software-Intensive Systems, 7.2.1 Activity Definition. USAF Software Technology Support Center. [15 Jan 2016].
- ^ Program Schedule Quality 101. 16 Oct 2014 [24 May 2016].
- ^ DCMA-EA PAM 200.1 Program Analysis Pamphlet (PDF). Oct 2012 [24 May 2016].
延伸閱讀
- Chamoun, Yamal. Professional Project Management, The Guide 1st. Monterrey, NL MEXICO: McGraw Hill. 2006. ISBN 970-10-5922-0.
- Heerkens, Gary. Project Management (The Briefcase Book Series). McGraw-Hill. 2001. ISBN 0-07-137952-5.
- Hendrickson, Chris. Project Management for Construction, chap 10 Fundamental Scheduling Procedures. Prentice-Hall. 1989.
- Kerzner, Harold. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling 8th. Wiley. 2003. ISBN 0-471-22577-0.
- Klastorin, Ted. Project Management: Tools and Trade-offs 3rd. Wiley. 2003. ISBN 978-0-471-41384-4.
- Lewis, James. Fundamentals of Project Management 2nd. American Management Association. 2002. ISBN 0-8144-7132-3.
- Meredith, Jack R.; Mantel, Samuel J. Project Management : A Managerial Approach 5th. Wiley. 2002. ISBN 0-471-07323-7.
- Woolf, Murray B., PMP. FASTER Construction Projects with CPM Scheduling 1st. McGraw-Hill. 2007. ISBN 978-0-07-148660-6.