泥炭蘚屬

泥炭藓属
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
门：	藓类植物门 Bryophyta
纲：	泥炭藓纲 Sphagnopsida
目：	泥炭藓目 Sphagnales
科：	泥炭藓科 Sphagnaceae
属：	泥炭藓属 Sphagnum; L.
组
	尖叶组 S. sect. Acutifolia; 狭叶组 S. sect. Cuspidata; S. sect. Sphagnum; S. sect. Subsecunda;
異名
	Isocladus Lindb. ; Sphagnopsis Trevis.;

泥炭藓屬（学名：Sphagnum）旧称水藓屬，是泥炭藓科唯一的现存属，一般呈黄白色或灰白色，常有各种锈斑。

泥炭藓屬的茎没有假根，并在沼泽中紧密丛生，下部逐渐死亡，上部继续生长；“叶”有大型无色的细胞，有极强的吸水力，所以能在沼泽地上大片的丛生，遗体逐年的堆积成泥炭，并使沼泽地、湖泊逐渐淤积成陆地。泥炭苔是酸性泥炭沼澤的主要優勢物種，對碳固定有重要貢獻。

經曬乾後的泥炭藓是園藝常見的優秀介質，保水性佳又透氣，常常代替土壤成為讓盆景植物生長的介質。

下属物种[编辑]

本属包括以下物种：

拟尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum acutifolioides Warnst
小叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum angustifolium
截叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum angstroemii
喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum apiculatum Lindb，多生于云、冷杉林下和落叶松甸子中。
粗叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum aquarrosum Crome.，生于林下积水地，云、冷杉林下和塔头中。是东北各林区常见种，常见孢蕨。
瓢叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum beccarii
Sphagnum cavernulosum Flatberg & Whinam, 2011^[1]
中华泥炭藓 Sphagnum chinense
密叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum compactum
Sphagnum complanatum Flatberg & Whinam^[1]
扭枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum contortum Schultzm, 1819
拟狭叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum cuspidatulum
狭叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.
大泥炭藓 Sphagnum cymbifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., 1782，为Sphagnum palustre L.的异名
细齿泥炭藓 Sphagnum denticulatum Bridel, 1826
Sphagnum divinum ^[2]
长叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum falcatulum Sphagnum falcatulum Bescherelle, 1885
锈色泥炭藓 Sphagnum fuscum Klinggräff, 1872
白齿泥炭藓 Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ.，生于塔头甸子或高位沼泽，常形成大片藓丛。东北各林区分布普遍。
毛壁泥炭藓 Sphagnum imbricatum Hornschuch ex Russow, 1865
Sphagnum incundum Flatberg & Hassel^[3]
Sphagnum intermedium Hoffm., 1796，为Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.的异名
泛地泥炭藓 Sphagnum inundatum Russow, 1894
Sphagnum islei Warnst.^[1]
Sphagnum isoviitae Flatberg, 1992^[4]，为Sphagnum fallax var. isoviitae (Flatberg) Lönnell & K.Hassel的异名
日本泥炭藓 Sphagnum japonicum Warnst.，为Sphagnum palustre L.的异名
垂枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum jensenii H.Lindb., 1899
暖地泥炭藓 Sphagnum junghuhnianum
加萨泥炭藓 Sphagnum khasianum
利尼泥炭藓 Sphagnum lenense
吕宋泥炭藓 Sphagnum luzonense
Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798^[2]
Sphagnum medium Limpr., 1881^[2]
中位泥炭藓 Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798
中位泥炭藓 Sphagnum magellanicu Brid., 1798，生于沼泽地或塔头甸子中，有时亦见于落叶松甸子中。
小孔泥炭藓 Sphagnum microporum Warnst. ex Cardot, 1904
多纹泥炭藓 Sphagnum multifibrosum
尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum nemoreum
秃叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum obtusiusculum
舌叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum obtusum
稀孔泥炭藓 Sphagnum oligoporum
卵叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum ovatum
泥炭藓 Sphagnum palustre
疣泥炭藓 Sphagnum papillosum
拟宽叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum platyphylloides
羽枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum plumulosum
异叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum portoricense
刺叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum pungifolium
Sphagnum quarrosum
五列泥炭藓 Sphagnum quinquefarium
喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum recurvum
岸生泥炭藓 Sphagnum riparium
广舌泥炭藓 Sphagnum robustum (Warnst.) Röll，为 Sphagnum russowii Warnst.的异名
红叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum rubellum Wilson, 1855
广舌泥炭藓 Sphagnum russowii
丝光泥炭藓 Sphagnum sericeum C.Muell., 1847
Sphagnum skyense Flatberg, 1988^[5]
粗叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum squarrosum
Sphagnum subsecumdum
偏叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum subsecundum
柔叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum tenellum
细叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.，生于塔头沼泽或林下低洼积水地。
阔边泥炭藓 Sphagnum warnstorfianum
多枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum wulfianum

参考文献[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 I Flatberg, Jennie Whinam & Marc Lebouvier (2011) Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei, Journal of Bryology, 33:2, 105-121, DOI: 10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Kristian Hassel, Magni O. Kyrkjeeide, Narjes Yousefi, Tommy Prestø, Hans K. Stenøien, Jonathan A. Shaw & Kjell Ivar Flatberg (2018) Sphagnum divinum (sp. nov.) and S. medium Limpr. and their relationship to S. magellanicum Brid., Journal of Bryology, 40:3, 197-222, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424
^ Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Kristian Hassel, Blanca Shaw, A. Jonathan Shaw, Eva M. Temsch and Kjell Ivar Flatberg. 2018. Sphagnum incundum A New Species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from Boreal and Arctic Regions of North America. Phytotaxa. 333(1); 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.1
^ K. I. Flatberg (1992) The European taxa in the Sphagnum recurvum complex. 1. Sphagnum isoviitae sp. nov. , Journal of Bryology, 17:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.1
^ Kjell I. Flatberg (1988) Sphagnum skyense sp. nov, Journal of Bryology, 15:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1988.15.1.101

[Flatberg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 I Flatberg, Jennie Whinam & Marc Lebouvier (2011) Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei, Journal of Bryology, 33:2, 105-121, DOI: 10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019

[Hassel-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Kristian Hassel, Magni O. Kyrkjeeide, Narjes Yousefi, Tommy Prestø, Hans K. Stenøien, Jonathan A. Shaw & Kjell Ivar Flatberg (2018) Sphagnum divinum (sp. nov.) and S. medium Limpr. and their relationship to S. magellanicum Brid., Journal of Bryology, 40:3, 197-222, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424

[3] Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Kristian Hassel, Blanca Shaw, A. Jonathan Shaw, Eva M. Temsch and Kjell Ivar Flatberg. 2018. Sphagnum incundum A New Species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from Boreal and Arctic Regions of North America. Phytotaxa. 333(1); 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.1

[4] K. I. Flatberg (1992) The European taxa in the Sphagnum recurvum complex. 1. Sphagnum isoviitae sp. nov. , Journal of Bryology, 17:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.1

[5] Kjell I. Flatberg (1988) Sphagnum skyense sp. nov, Journal of Bryology, 15:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1988.15.1.101

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