潛望鏡

潛望鏡（Periscope），是一種利用光線反射原理所製作的光學儀器，最常被用在潛水艇用以在水下觀察水面上的動靜。曾在塹壕戰中被用來從壕溝觀察敵軍動態。

潛望鏡物料:盒、镜片、量角器

Military handheld periscope optical design.
1 - Eyepiece
2 - Diagonal prism
3 - Handle
4 - 6 - Erecting lenses
5 - Periscope tube
7 - Field lens
8 - Lens
9 - Head diagonal prism
10 - Window

潛望鏡示意圖
Principle of the periscope.
A - Periscope using two plane mirrors.
B - Periscope using two right–angled prisms.
1 - 2 - Plane mirrors.
3 - 4 - Right–angled prisms.
5 - 6 - Observer eye.
7 - 8 - Periscope tube.
H - Periscope optical height.

Principle of the lens periscope.

A - Periscope using a single lens (L2) to correct image.

B - Periscope which uses two lenses (L2-L3) to correct image.

1-3 - Periscope window.

2-4 - Field stop or reticle.

P - Right–angled prisms (or plane mirrors).

L1 - Objective lens.

L2 - for A - L2 - L3 - for B - Image erecting lens.

L3 - L4 -for A - L4-L5- for B - Eyepiece.

L0 - Field lens.

y - Distant object.

H - Periscope optical height.

• 

  Submarine monocular attack periscope.

• 

  Zeiss submarine periscope optical design.

潜望镜的发明： 世界上最早记载潜望镜原理的古书，是公元前二世纪中国的《淮南万毕术》。书中记载了这样的一段话：“取大镜高悬，置水盘于其下，则见四邻矣。” 现代潜艇潜望镜是在20世纪初发明的。1906年德国海军建成第一艘潜艇时，已使用了相当完善的光学潜望镜，由物镜、转像系统和目镜等组成。

圖片

海軍使用潛望鏡
Officer at periscope in control room of a U.S. Navy submarine in World War II. The officer pictured is Captain Raymond W. Alexander, Sr. and the photo was taken in 1942.  Submarine monocular attack periscope  Torpedoed Japanese destroyer Yamakaze photographed through periscope of USS Nautilus( USS Nautilus (SS-168)), 25 June 1942.

另見

• 望遠鏡
• 內視鏡

外部連接

• The Fleet Type Submarine Online: Submarine Periscope Manual United States Navy Navpers 16165, June 1979
• Simulation of a Periscope （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at NTNUJAVA Virtual Physics Laboratory （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）