金牛座V1298

**金牛座V1298 Tauri**
	; 金牛座V1298的行星系統; Credit: 美國國家航空暨太空總署天體物理部門的外行星探索計畫和噴射推進實驗室
觀測資料; 曆元 J2000.0
星座	金牛座
星官
赤經	04h 05m 19.59121s
赤緯	+20° 09′ 25.5635″
視星等（V）	10.31 - 10.43
特性
光谱分类	K0-K1.5
变星类型	不規則
天体测定
自行 (μ)	赤经：5.228 ± 0.131 mas/yr ; 赤纬：-16.077 ± 0.048 mas/yr
视差 (π)	9.2139 ± 0.0593 mas
距离	354 ± 2 ly ; (108.5 ± 0.7 pc)
詳細資料
質量	1.095+0.049; −0.047 M☉
半徑	1.33+0.04; −0.03 R☉
亮度	0.934 ± 0.044 L☉
溫度	4970 ± 120 K
自轉	2.97+0.03; −0.04 d
年齡	23 ± 4 Myr
其他命名
	K2-309、2MASS J04051959+2009256、BD+19 656、 EPIC 210818897、RX J0405.3+2009、1SWASP J040519.59+200925.5
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	资料

金牛座V1298是一顆年輕（23±4百萬年）的弱線金牛T星^[5]，屬於金牛座分子雲中的金牛-禦夫星協（英语：Taurus-Auriga association）的一部分。或者，它是一個擬議中的移動星群，年齡稍大的群29星協（英语：Group 29 (stellar association)）的一部分^[6]^[7]^[3]。該系統有四顆凌日系外行星，是由克卜勒太空望遠鏡在K2任務中發現的^[5]。其中一顆行星於2019年8月被發現^[3]，其餘三顆是同一團隊於2019年11月發現的^[5]。

恆星特徵[编辑]

改編自2019年大衛（David）"等人"的金牛座V1298的光變曲線^[3]。

金牛座V1298的光譜類型為K0-K1.5，質量約為1.1M_☉。這顆恆星出現在倫琴衛星的 X射線數據中，它確實還顯示出强烈的鋰吸收線。這兩項都是年輕的標誌，因此它被認為是金牛-禦夫星協的成員。另一方面，它沒有顯示出吸積的迹象，也沒有紅外過量。相反的，它顯示出H-α的吸收^[3]。

金牛座V1298的亮度在10.31的最大視星等和10.54的最小值之間以不可預測的方式變化^[2]。該恆星的光變曲線顯示出的准週期變化，被解釋為恆星自轉和星斑。光變曲線還顯示了幾個耀斑^[3]。

根據蓋亞星表#DR2（英语：Gaia catalogues#DR2）的數據，這顆恆星與HD 284154（英语：HD 284154）是一對共同移動的恆星^[6]

行星系統[编辑]

金牛座V1298有四顆已確認的行星，其中行星c、d和b接近1:2:3共振（週期分別為8.25、12.40和24.14天）。行星e在K2光變曲線中只顯示出一次凌日，其週期大於36天。行星e可能與行星b處於低階共振（2:3, 3:5, 1:2, 或1:3）。該系統非常年輕，可能是緊湊型多行星系統的前身。2:3的共振表明，一些近距離行星可能在共振中形成，也可能在小於一千萬年的時間尺度上演化成共振。系統中的行星大小介於海王星和土星之間。只有行星b的大小與木星相似^[5]。

模型預測這些行星的最小核心質量為5M_🜨，並且被占其質量約20%的厚封套包圍。行星c和d的總質量被預測為2 - 28 M_🜨和行星d和b的總質量被預測為9 - 120 M_🜨^[5]。在後續論文中，金牛座V1298 b的質量被限制為<2.2 M_J^[8]。行星c被懷疑是由於主星的强烈輻射而剝離質量，但氫尾的存在於2021年被駁斥^[9]。

行星b和c的軌道幾乎共面，並且行星c不傾斜於恆星的赤道平面，錯位相當於2+12
−4度^[10]。

金牛座V1298的行星系^[5]^[8]
成員 (依恆星距離)	质量	半長軸 (AU)	轨道周期 (天)	離心率	傾角	半径
c	—	0.0825 ± 0.0013	8.24958 ± 0.00072	<0.43	7001884900000000000♠88.49+0.92 −0.72°	6999499000000000000♠0.499+0.032 −0.029 R_J
d	—	0.1083 ± 0.0017	12.4032 ± 0.0015	<0.21	7001890400000000000♠89.04+0.65 −0.73°	6999572000000000000♠0.572+0.040 −0.035 R_J
b	<2.2 M_J	0.1688 ± 0.0026	24.1396 ± 0.0018	<0.29	7001890000000000000♠89.00+0.46 −0.24°	6999916000000000000♠0.916+0.052 −0.047 R_J
e	—	6999308000000000000♠0.308+0.182 −0.066	50.29+6.62 −^[11]	<0.57	7001894000000000000♠89.40+0.26 −0.18°	0.89+0.04 −^[11] R_J

參考資料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Gaia Collaboration. Gaia Data Release 2 - Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018-08-01, 616: A1. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 49211658. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 （英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 David, Trevor J.; Cody, Ann Marie; Hedges, Christina L.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Ciardi, David R.; Beichman, Charles A.; Petigura, Erik A.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W. A Warm Jupiter-sized Planet Transiting the Pre-main-sequence Star V1298 Tau. The Astronomical Journal. August 2019, 158 (2): 79. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...79D. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119003936. arXiv:1902.09670 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab290f （英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Feinstein, Adina D.; David, Trevor J.; Montet, Benjamin T.; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Livingston, John H.; Mann, Andrew W. V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau E. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022, 925 (1): L2. Bibcode:2022ApJ...925L...2F. S2CID 244130016. arXiv:2111.08660 . doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac4745.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 David, Trevor J.; Petigura, Erik A.; Luger, Rodrigo; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Livingston, John H.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Four Newborn Planets Transiting the Young Solar Analog V1298 Tau. The Astrophysical Journal. 2019-10-29, 885 (1): L12. Bibcode:2019ApJ...885L..12D. ISSN 2041-8213. S2CID 204008446. arXiv:1910.04563 . doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab4c99.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Oh, Semyeong; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Hogg, David W.; Morton, Timothy D.; Spergel, David N. Comoving Stars in Gaia DR1: An Abundance of Very Wide Separation Comoving Pairs. The Astronomical Journal. June 2017, 153 (6): 257. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..257O. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119351439. arXiv:1612.02440 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6ffd （英语）.
^ Luhman, K. L. The Stellar Membership of the Taurus Star-forming Region. The Astronomical Journal. December 2018, 156 (6): 271. Bibcode:2018AJ....156..271L. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119471553. arXiv:1811.01359 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aae831 （英语）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Beichman, Charles; Hirano, Teruyuki; David, Trevor J.; Kotani, Takayuki; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Vasisht, Gautam; Ciardi, David R.; Harakawa, Hiroki; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Omiya, Masashi; Kuzuhara, Masayuki. A Mass Limit for the Young Transiting Planet V1298 Tau b. Research Notes of the AAS. June 2019, 3 (6): 89. Bibcode:2019RNAAS...3...89B. ISSN 2515-5172. S2CID 198445373. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab2c9d  （英语）.
^ Schlawin, Everett; Ilyin, Ilya; Feinstein, Adina D.; Bean, Jacob; Huang, Chenliang; Gao, Peter; Strassmeier, Klaus; Poppenhaeger, Katja, H-Alpha Variability of V1298 Tau c, Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society, 2021, 5 (8): 195, Bibcode:2021RNAAS...5..195S, S2CID 237250293, arXiv:2108.08851 , doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac1f2f
^ Gaidos, E.; Hirano, T.; Beichman, C.; Livingston, J.; Harakawa, H.; Hodapp, K. W.; Ishizuka, M.; Jacobson, S.; Konishi, M.; Kotani, T.; Kudo, T.; Kurokawa, T.; Kuzuhara, M.; Nishikawa, J.; Omiya, M.; Serizawa, T.; Tamura, M.; Ueda, A.; Vievard, S., Zodiacal exoplanets in time – XIII. Planet orbits and atmospheres in the V1298 Tau system, a keystone in studies of early planetary evolution, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2022, 509 (2): 2969–2978, arXiv:2110.10689 , doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3107
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Feinstein, Adina D.; David, Trevor J.; Montet, Benjamin T.; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Livingston, John H.; Mann, Andrew W., V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau E, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2022, 925 (1): L2, Bibcode:2022ApJ...925L...2F, S2CID 244130016, arXiv:2111.08660 , doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac4745

[Gaia-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Gaia Collaboration. Gaia Data Release 2 - Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018-08-01, 616: A1. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 49211658. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 （英语）.

[gcvs-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.

[David_et_al_1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 David, Trevor J.; Cody, Ann Marie; Hedges, Christina L.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Ciardi, David R.; Beichman, Charles A.; Petigura, Erik A.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W. A Warm Jupiter-sized Planet Transiting the Pre-main-sequence Star V1298 Tau. The Astronomical Journal. August 2019, 158 (2): 79. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...79D. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119003936. arXiv:1902.09670 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab290f （英语）.

[Feinstein-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Feinstein, Adina D.; David, Trevor J.; Montet, Benjamin T.; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Livingston, John H.; Mann, Andrew W. V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau E. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022, 925 (1): L2. Bibcode:2022ApJ...925L...2F. S2CID 244130016. arXiv:2111.08660 . doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac4745.

[David_et_al_2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 David, Trevor J.; Petigura, Erik A.; Luger, Rodrigo; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Livingston, John H.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Four Newborn Planets Transiting the Young Solar Analog V1298 Tau. The Astrophysical Journal. 2019-10-29, 885 (1): L12. Bibcode:2019ApJ...885L..12D. ISSN 2041-8213. S2CID 204008446. arXiv:1910.04563 . doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab4c99.

[Oh_et_al-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Oh, Semyeong; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Hogg, David W.; Morton, Timothy D.; Spergel, David N. Comoving Stars in Gaia DR1: An Abundance of Very Wide Separation Comoving Pairs. The Astronomical Journal. June 2017, 153 (6): 257. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..257O. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119351439. arXiv:1612.02440 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6ffd （英语）.

[7] Luhman, K. L. The Stellar Membership of the Taurus Star-forming Region. The Astronomical Journal. December 2018, 156 (6): 271. Bibcode:2018AJ....156..271L. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119471553. arXiv:1811.01359 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aae831 （英语）.

[Beichman_et_al-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Beichman, Charles; Hirano, Teruyuki; David, Trevor J.; Kotani, Takayuki; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Vasisht, Gautam; Ciardi, David R.; Harakawa, Hiroki; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Omiya, Masashi; Kuzuhara, Masayuki. A Mass Limit for the Young Transiting Planet V1298 Tau b. Research Notes of the AAS. June 2019, 3 (6): 89. Bibcode:2019RNAAS...3...89B. ISSN 2515-5172. S2CID 198445373. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab2c9d  （英语）.

[9] Schlawin, Everett; Ilyin, Ilya; Feinstein, Adina D.; Bean, Jacob; Huang, Chenliang; Gao, Peter; Strassmeier, Klaus; Poppenhaeger, Katja, H-Alpha Variability of V1298 Tau c, Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society, 2021, 5 (8): 195, Bibcode:2021RNAAS...5..195S, S2CID 237250293, arXiv:2108.08851 , doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac1f2f

[10] Gaidos, E.; Hirano, T.; Beichman, C.; Livingston, J.; Harakawa, H.; Hodapp, K. W.; Ishizuka, M.; Jacobson, S.; Konishi, M.; Kotani, T.; Kudo, T.; Kurokawa, T.; Kuzuhara, M.; Nishikawa, J.; Omiya, M.; Serizawa, T.; Tamura, M.; Ueda, A.; Vievard, S., Zodiacal exoplanets in time – XIII. Planet orbits and atmospheres in the V1298 Tau system, a keystone in studies of early planetary evolution, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2022, 509 (2): 2969–2978, arXiv:2110.10689 , doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3107

[Feinstein2021-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Feinstein, Adina D.; David, Trevor J.; Montet, Benjamin T.; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Livingston, John H.; Mann, Andrew W., V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau E, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2022, 925 (1): L2, Bibcode:2022ApJ...925L...2F, S2CID 244130016, arXiv:2111.08660 , doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac4745

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觀測資料曆元 J2000.0
金牛座V1298的行星系統 Credit: 美國國家航空暨太空總署天體物理部門的外行星探索計畫和噴射推進實驗室
星座	金牛座
星官
赤經	04^h 05^m 19.59121^s^[1]
赤緯	+20° 09′ 25.5635″^[1]
視星等（V）	10.31 - 10.43^[2]
特性
光谱分类	K0-K1.5^[3]
变星类型	不規則^[2]
天体测定

自行 (μ)	赤经：5.228 ± 0.131^[1] mas/yr 赤纬：-16.077 ± 0.048^[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)	9.2139 ± 0.0593^[1] mas
距离	354 ± 2 ly (108.5 ± 0.7 pc)

詳細資料

質量	7000109500000000000♠1.095+0.049 −0.047^[4] M_☉
半徑	7000133000000000000♠1.33+0.04 −0.03^[4] R_☉
亮度	0.934 ± 0.044^[3] L_☉
溫度	4970 ± 120^[3] K
自轉	7005256608000000000♠2.97+0.03 −0.04 d^[4]
年齡	23 ± 4^[3] Myr

其他命名
K2-309、2MASS J04051959+2009256、BD+19 656、 EPIC 210818897、RX J0405.3+2009、1SWASP J040519.59+200925.5
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	资料

恆星特徵[编辑]

行星系統[编辑]

相關條目[编辑]

參考資料[编辑]