卡尔·格什曼
| 卡尔·格什曼 Carl Gershman | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 美国国家民主基金会總裁 | |
现任 | |
| 就任日期 1984 | |
| 个人资料 | |
| 出生 | 1943年7月20日 美国纽约 |
| 母校 | 耶鲁大学 (文学士) 哈佛大学教育研究生院 (教育学硕士) |
卡尔·格什曼（Carl Gershman，1943年7月20日—）[1]是美国政治人物，自1984年以来一直担任美国国家民主基金会主席。[2]里根擔任美國總統期間，格什曼曾担任美国驻联合国人权理事会大使。
2020年8月10日，為了回应美國財政部宣布制裁林鄭月娥等11名侵犯人權及損害香港自治的中港官員，中華人民共和國外交部宣布對卡爾·格什曼等11名支持香港民主運動的美國議員及民間人士實施制裁。[3]
出版物
- Gershman, Carl, The foreign policy of American labor, SAGE policy papers 3, 战略与国际研究中心, 乔治城大学, Washington D.C. (Washington Papers 29), 賽吉出版公司: 1–82, December 1975, ISBN 978-0-8039-0572-6 Gershman, Carl, The foreign policy of American labor, SAGE policy papers 3, 战略与国际研究中心, 乔治城大学, Washington D.C. (Washington Papers 29), 賽吉出版公司: 1–82, December 1975, ISBN 978-0-8039-0572-6
- Gershman, Carl, Capitalism, socialism, and democracy, SD Papers 1, discussions also by 悉尼·胡克, Bayard Rustin, and Penn Kemble, New York: Social Democrats, USA: 7–9, 1978, Selected Reprints from Commentary (magazine) (April 1978) pp. 29–71 Gershman, Carl, Capitalism, socialism, and democracy, SD Papers 1, discussions also by 悉尼·胡克, Bayard Rustin, and Penn Kemble, New York: Social Democrats, USA: 7–9, 1978, Selected Reprints from Commentary (magazine) (April 1978) pp. 29–71
- Rustin, Bayard; Gershman, Carl. Africa, Soviet imperialism and the retreat of American power. SD papers 2. New York: Social Democrats, USA. 1978.
- Gershman, Carl. After the dominoes fell. Commentary. SD papers (New York: Social Democrats, USA). May 1978, 3: 89–93.
- Gershman, Carl. The world according to Andrew Young. SD papers 4. New York: Social Democrats, USA. 1978. Reprinted from Commentary (magazine) (August 1978).
- Gershman, Carl. Selling them the rope: Business and the Soviets. SD papers 6. New York: Social Democrats, USA. 1979. Reprinted from Commentary (magazine) (April 1979).
- Gershman, Carl. Totalitarian menace (Controversies: Detente and the left after Afghanistan). Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). November 3, 1980, 18 (1): 9–15. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02694835.
- Gershman, Carl, The polity: Commentary, Freedman, Rita (编), Does America need a social democratic movement?, Following commentary by Jim Chapin (pp. 86–89) on panel presentations by 西摩·马丁·利普塞特 (pp. 71–75), Will Marshall (pp. 76–81), and Fred Siegel (pp. 81–86), chaired by Ronald Radosh (p. 85), Washington, DC: Social Democrats, USA: 89–93, 1993, Gershman discusses American social democracy as a form of radical-democratic Americanism (ideology), which has been properly inspired more by 托马斯·杰斐逊, 詹姆斯·麦迪逊, and 伍德罗·威尔逊 than by 卡尔·马克思 and 爱德华·伯恩斯坦.
- Gershman, Carl, A democracy strategy for the Middle East, National Endowment for Democracy, December 12, 2003
- Gershman, Carl; Gutierrez, Orlando. Ferment in civil society (Can Cuba change?) (PDF). 民主期刊. January 2009, 20 (1): 36–54 [August 13, 2011]. doi:10.1353/jod.0.0051. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-09-18）.
- Gershman, Carl, Remarks by Carl Gershman at a photo exhibition commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of Solidarity (The phenomenon of Solidarity: Pictures from the history of Poland, 1980-1981; Woodrow Wilson Center), Washington D.C.: National Endowment for Democracy, August 29, 2011
榮譽
因支持香港民主運動而被中国制裁
2020年8月10日，為了報復美國財政部宣布制裁林鄭月娥等11名侵犯人權及損害香港自治的中港官員，中华人民共和国外交部发言人赵立坚宣布，对格什曼等11名支持香港民主運動的美國議員及民間人士實施制裁。[6]
參考文獻
- ^ Reed (1999):
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Meet Our President. 美国国家民主基金会. [2008-08-05]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-26）. 引用错误：带有name属性“NED”的
<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ [ https://www.voacantonese.com/a/china-sanction-us-ngo-executives-20200810/5538592.html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 聲援香港遭制裁 美國非政府組織稱北京做法是“軟弱的表現”]
- ^ Lin, Sean. Human rights committee act passes. Taipei Times. 11 December 2019 [11 December 2019].
- ^ Wang, Yang-yu; Matthew, Mazzett. Bill passed to establish Human Rights Committee under Control Yuan. Central News Agency. 10 December 2019 [11 December 2019].
- ^ 2020年8月10日外交部发言人赵立坚主持例行记者会 — 中华人民共和国外交部. www.fmprc.gov.cn. [2020-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-27）.
外部來源
- Bernstein, Carl. The holy alliance: Ronald Reagan and John Paul II; How Reagan and the Pope conspired to assist Poland's Solidarity movement and hasten the demise of Communism (Cover story). 時代雜誌 U.S. February 24, 1992: 28–35.
- Domber, Gregory F., Supporting the revolution: America, democracy, and the end of the Cold War in Poland, 1981–1989 (Ph.D. dissertation (September 12, 2007), 喬治·華盛頓大學): 1–506, 2008 [2020-08-10], ISBN 978-0-549-38516-5, Winner of the "2009 Betty M. Unterberger Prize for Best Dissertation on United States Foreign Policy from the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations", （原始内容存档于2016-05-20） Revised and incorporated in Domber, Gregory F. Empowering Revolution: America, Poland, and the End of the Cold War. The New Cold War History. University of North Carolina Press books. 2014. ISBN 9781469618517.
- Gershman, Carl. Totalitarian menace (Controversies: Detente and the left after Afghanistan). Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). November 3, 1980, 18 (1): 9–15. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02694835.
- Harrington, Michael. Nuclear threat (Controversies: Detente and the left after Afghanistan). Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). November 3, 1980, 18 (1): 16–21. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02694836.
- Lipset, Seymour Martin. Neoconservatism: Myth and reality. Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). July 4, 1988, 25 (5): 29–37. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02695739.
- Massing, Michael. Trotsky's orphans: From Bolshevism to Reaganism. The New Republic. 1987: 18–22.
- Muravchik, Joshua. Comrades. Commentary Magazine. January 2006 [June 15, 2007]. 外部链接存在于
|journal=(帮助) - Nossiter, Bernard D. New team at U.N.: Common roots and philosophies. The New York Times Late City final. March 3, 1981. section A, p. 2, col. 3.
- Pear, Robert. U.S. supporting Solidarity fight. Albany Times Union (Albany, NY). 10 July 1988 [14 April 2012]. (subscription required). （原始内容存档于2013-01-25）.
- Puddington, Arch. Surviving the underground: How American unions helped Solidarity win. American Educator (American Federation of Teachers). 2005, (Summer) [June 4, 2011].
- Puddington, Arch. Lane Kirkland: Champion of American labor. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons. 2005K. ISBN 0-471-41694-0.
- Reed, Dale, Register of the Carl Gershman papers (PDF), Stanford, CA: 胡佛研究所 Archives, Stanford University, 1999 [2011-08-13], （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-08-07）
- Thiel, Rainer. Nested games of external democracy promotion: The United States and the Polish liberalization 1980-1989. VS Verlag. 2010: 179–235, especially 204 and 231. ISBN 978-3-531-17769-4.
- Anonymous, Meet our President, 美国国家民主基金会, [2011-08-13]
- McKew, Maxine, Carl Gershman: America's democrat, Sunday Profiles, Australia: 澳大利亚广播公司 (ABC), August 20, 2006 [2011-08-13]
- Reed, Dale, Register of the Carl Gershman Papers (PDF), Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, 1999 [2011-08-13], （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-08-07）
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