仙人掌属
 | 此條目可参照德語維基百科相應條目来扩充，此條目在對應語言版為高品質條目。 (2016年12月) |
仙人掌屬
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| 滨海生仙人掌（Opuntia littoralis var. vaseyi） | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
| 目： | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
| 科： | 仙人掌科 Cactaceae |
| 亚科： | 圆扇仙人掌亚科 Opuntioideae |
| 属： | 仙人掌屬 Opuntia Mill. |
| 种 | |
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参见正文 | |
| 異名 | |
参见正文 | |
仙人掌属目前分类只包括约200种[1]圆柱状仙人掌被单独分为一个圆柱仙人掌属（Cylindropuntiais），其他圆筒状仙人掌如以前分在Austrocylindropuntia属、Corynopuntia属和Micropuntia中的种类都包括在本属中。
仙人掌属植物一般具有扁平的绿色叶状茎，来完成光合作用，叶退化成刺，有两种，一种大刺和另一种小刺毛，果实为浆果，可以食用，作为水果，许多品种的叶状茎也可以作为蔬菜食用。仙人掌属植物多数生长在美洲，只有少数品种生长在其他热带地区。
主要品種
- Opuntia abjecta
- Opuntia aciculata – Chenille prickly pear, old man's whiskers, cowboy's red whiskers
- Opuntia alta
- Opuntia ammophila
- Opuntia anacantha
- Opuntia anahuacensis
- Opuntia arenaria – dune prickly pear; diploid (2n=22)
- Opuntia articulata
- Opuntia atrispina
- Opuntia auberi
- Opuntia aurantiaca
- Opuntia aurea hexaploid (2n=66)
- Opuntia aureispina
- Opuntia azurea
- Opuntia basilaris – beavertail cactus; diploid (2n=22)
- Opuntia bentonii
- Opuntia blakeana
- Opuntia boldinghii
- Opuntia cacanapa - including Opuntia ellisiana (Ellisiana)
- Opuntia camanchica - plains prickly pear
- Opuntia canada
- Opuntia cespitosa
- Opuntia charlestonensis
- Opuntia chaffeyi
- Opuntia chlorotica – pancake prickly pear; native to southwest USA and the Sonoran and Mojave deserts; diploid (2n=22)
- Opuntia chisosensis
- Opuntia clavata
- Opuntia cochenillifera
- Opuntia comonduensis
- Opuntia columbiana
- Opuntia confusa
- Opuntia covillei
- Opuntia curvospina tetraploid (2n=44)
- Opuntia cyclodes
- Opuntia cymochila – grassland prickly pear; One of the most common species found on the Great Plains of the United States
- Opuntia debreczyi
- Opuntia decumana
- Opuntia decumbens – nopal de culebra
- Opuntia dejecta
- Opuntia dillenii
- Opuntia diploursina – found around Grand Canyon and Lake Mead National Recreation Area; diploid (2n=22); resembles O. trichophora
- Opuntia discata
- Opuntia dulcis - syn. O. phaeacantha major
- Opuntia echinocarpa - see Cylindropuntia echinocarpa
- Opuntia echios
- Opuntia echios var. gigantea – Galápagos prickly pear, Galápagos Islands
- Opuntia elata
- Opuntia elatior Mill. – syn. O. bergeriana
- Opuntia engelmannii – Engelmann's prickly pear, cow's-tongue prickly pear, desert prickly pear, discus prickly pear, Texas prickly pear, calico cactus; hexaploid (2n=66)
- Opuntia erinacea tetraploid (2n=44)
- Opuntia exaltata
- Opuntia excelsa
- Opuntia ficus-barbarica
- Opuntia ficus-indica – Indian fig opuntia
- Opuntia fragilis – little prickly pear, brittle cactus, found in the Great Plains and as far west as British Columbia]
- Opuntia galapageia
- Opuntia gosseliniana – violet prickly pear
- Opuntia gosseliniana var. santa-rita – Santa Rita prickly pear
- Opuntia chlorotica var. gosseliniana
- Opuntia helleri
- Opuntia hickenii
- Opuntia humifusa – eastern prickly pear (sometimes included in O. compressa);tetraploid (2n=44)
- Opuntia hyptiacantha
- Opuntia inamoema K. Schum. – quipá
- Opuntia insularis
- Opuntia invicta syn. Corynopuntia invicta, Grusonia invicta
- Opuntia jamaicensis
- Opuntia laevis
- Opuntia lasiacantha
- Opuntia leucotricha – arborescent prickly pear, Aaron's beard cactus, semaphore cactus, Duraznillo blanco, nopal blanco
- Opuntia lindheimeri – cowtongue prickly pear
- Opuntia littoralis – coastal prickly pear, sprawling prickly pear
- Opuntia longispina
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- Opuntia macrocentra – black-spined prickly pear, purple prickly pear, found in southwest USA and northern Mexico
- Opuntia macrorhiza – Plains prickly pear, found throughout the Great Plains except for the northernmost areas (not found in North Dakota), and extending sporadically eastward as far as Kentucky, syn. O. leptocarpa MacKensen, O. tenuispina Engelm., O. tortispina Engelm. & Bigelow; tetraploid (2n=44)
- Opuntia matudae – xoconostle (syn. Opuntia joconostle)
- Opuntia maldonandensis
- Opuntia maxima
- Opuntia megacantha
- Opuntia megarrhiza
- Opuntia megasperma
- Opuntia microdasys – bunny ears cactus, polka-dot cactus
- Opuntia monacantha – common prickly pear
- Opuntia nichollii - Distributed throughout much of the Colorado Plateau, from Grand Canyon north to Price, Utah and east to the Colorado border; hexaploid (2n=66)
- Opuntia ovata
- Opuntia pachyrrhiza
- Opuntia pailana
- Opuntia paraguayensis
- Opuntia phaeacantha – tulip prickly pear, includes plateau prickly pear, brown-spined prickly pear, Mojave prickly pear, Kingman prickly pear; hexaploid (2n=66)
- Opuntia picardoi
- Opuntia pinkavae – Pinkava's prickly pear; octoploid (2n=88)
- Opuntia polyacantha – Panhandle prickly pear, found in the Great Plains, Great Basin, Mojave Desert, Colorado Plateau, and the Rocky Mountains, syn. O. rhodantha K.Schum.; tetraploid (2n=44)
- Opuntia polyacantha var. arenaria (syn. O. erinacea)
- Opuntia pubescens (syn. O. pascoensis Britton & Rose)
- Opuntia pusilla – creeping cactus, syn. O. drummondii Graham
- Opuntia quitensis – Red Buttons opuntia (syn. O. macbridei, O. johnsonii, Platyopuntia quitensis)
- Opuntia rastrera
- Opuntia repens
- Opuntia robusta
- Opuntia rufida (sometimes included in O. microdasys)
- Opuntia saxicola
- Opuntia schumannii
- Opuntia soehrensii
- Opuntia stenopetala (syn. O. riviereana Backeb.)
- Opuntia streptacantha
- Opuntia stricta – erect prickly pear, spineless prickly pear
- Opuntia sulphurea
- Opuntia taylori
- Opuntia tehuantepecana – nopal de caballo
- Opuntia tomentosa – woollyjoint prickly pear
- Opuntia triacantha
- Opuntia trichophora diploid (2n=22)
- Opuntia tuna
- Opuntia velutina
- Opuntia violacea
以前曾被列在仙人掌屬中，现在單獨分列的屬
- Austrocylindropuntia
- Brasiliopuntia
- Corynopuntia
- Cylindropuntia
- Disocactus phyllanthoides (as Opuntia speciosa)
- Micropuntia
- Miqueliopuntia
参考文献
- Behan, Jeff (1995): The bug that changed history. Boatman's Quarterly Rreview 8(2). HTML fulltext
- Bwititi, P.; Musabayane, C.T. & Nhachi, C.F.B. (2000): Effects of Opuntia megacantha on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 69(3): 247-252. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00123-3 PMID 10722207 (HTML abstract)
- Cota-Sánchez, J. Hugo (2002): Taxonomy, distribution, rarity status and uses of Canadian Cacti. Haseltonia 9: 17-25[2] PDF abstract（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Frati-Munari, A.C.; Fernandez-Harp, J.A.; de la Riva, H.; Ariza-Andraca, R. & del Carmen Torres, M. (1983): Effects of nopal (Opuntia sp.) on serum lipids, glycemia and body weight. Archivos de investigacion medica 14(2): 117-125. PMID 6314922 [Article in English, Spanish]
- Ott, Jonathan (1995): Ayahuasca Additive Plants（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In: Ayahuasca Analogues: Pangaean Entheogens.
- Pittler, Max H.; Verster, Joris C. & Ernst, Edzard (2005): Interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Brit. Med. J. 331(7531): 1515-1518. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1515 PMID 16373736 PDF fulltext（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Portillo M., Liberato & Vigueras G., Ana Lilia (1988): Natural Enemies of Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa): Importance in Mexico. Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 3: 43-49. PDF fulltext
- Rayburn, Keith M.D.; Martinez, Rey; Escobedo, Miguel; Wright, Fred & Farias, Maria (1998): Glycemic Effects of Various Species of Nopal (Opuntia sp.) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Texas Journal of Rural Health 16(1): 68-76.
- Trenary, Klaus (1997): Visionary Cactus Guide: Opunita [sic]. Retrieved 2007-OCT-15.
- Wiese, Jeff; McPherson, Steve; Odden, Michelle C. & Shlipak, Michael G. (2004): Effect of Opuntia ficus indica [sic] on Symptoms of the Alcohol Hangover. Arch. Intern. Med. 164(12): 1334-1340. PDF fulltext（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
注释
- ^ Jon P. Rebman, Ph.D., "What has happened to Opuntia?" San Diego Natural History Museum. [2008-09-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-22）.
- ^ Google Scholar. [2008-09-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-12）.
外部链接
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