ping

  關於与「Ping」名称相近或相同的条目，請見「Ping (消歧義)」。

ping是一种電腦網路工具，用來測試数据包能否透過IP协议到達特定主機。ping的運作原理是向目標主機傳出一個ICMP的请求回显数据包，并等待接收回显回應封包。程式會按時間和成功响应的次數估算丢失封包率（丢包率）和封包往返時間（网络时延，Round-trip delay time）。

在1983年12月，Mike Muuss编写了首个這样的程式，用于在IP網路出现問題時方便探查其根源。因為這個程式的運作原理与潛水艇的主动声纳相似，他便用聲納的聲音來為程式取名。David L. Mills曾提出另一個取名：Packet Internet Grouper/Gopher（後者指地鼠）。

网络管理员之间也常将ping用作动词，如“ping一下计算机XXX，看它是否开着。”

例子

Linux系统下的示例

具有iputils的Linux系统內的ping：

root@localhost:~# ping www.wikipedia.org
PING www.wikipedia.org (198.35.26.96): 56(84) data bytes
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=1 ttl=53 time=198.6 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=2 ttl=53 time=199.2 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=3 ttl=53 time=198.5 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=4 ttl=53 time=199.2 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=5 ttl=53 time=198.5 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=6 ttl=53 time=199.2 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=7 ttl=53 time=198.6 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=8 ttl=53 time=199.3 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=9 ttl=53 time=198.7 ms
64 bytes from text-lb.ulsfo.wikimedia.org (198.35.26.96): seq=10 ttl=53 time=198.4 ms
^C
--- www.wikipedia.org ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9021ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 198.402/198.866/199.334/1.536 ms

有时在ping的返回信息里面会显示“DUP!”，表明存在环路，例如：

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=62 time=10.2 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=62 time=11.8 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=62 time=12.6 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=62 time=13.2 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=62 time=11.9 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=62 time=13.3 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=62 time=14.3 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=62 time=12.1 ms

Windows系统下的示例

Windows XP內置的ping：

C:\> ping www.google.com
Pinging www.l.google.com [64.233.183.103] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=245
Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=245
Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=246
Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=246
Ping statistics for 64.233.183.103:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 22ms, Maximum = 25ms, Average = 23ms

其中

Pinging www.l.google.com [64.233.183.103] with 32 bytes of data:

www.google.com是www.l.google.com DNS別名，IP位址是64.233.183.103。以32 bytes大小測試，可以以-l（Windows）參數更改，大小是1-65500

Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=245
Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=245
Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=246
Reply from 64.233.183.103: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=246

反應時間25毫秒，TTL（Time To Live）值為245 由上來看，到google通過255-245 = 10個路由

Ping statistics for 64.233.183.103:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 22ms, Maximum = 25ms, Average = 23ms

總計，最小22ms，最大25ms，平均23ms

相關條目

• 死亡之Ping
• Pathping
• fping
• hping
• Keepalive

外部連結

• PING的歷史，Mike Muuss （英文）
• （英文） Ping Test Online
• Ping Wiki：提供了過百個網上ping工具
• Ping在线工具