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The 40 constituencies (left side) and the 5 electoral regions (right side) in Wales

The Senedd constituencies and electoral regions (威爾斯語Etholaethau a Rhanbarthau etholiadol Senedd Cymru) are the electoral districts used to elect Members of the Senedd (MS; 威爾斯語Aelodau'r Senedd or AS) to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; 威爾斯語Senedd Cymru), and have been used in some form since the first election of the then National Assembly for Wales in 1999. New boundaries were introduced for the 2007 elections and currently consist of 40 constituencies and 5 regions.[1] Voting last took place in all districts in the 2016 National Assembly for Wales election. The next vote scheduled is the 2021 Senedd election.

The constituencies were created with the boundaries of the Welsh constituencies of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster), as they were in 1999. The new boundaries were also used for the 2010 United Kingdom general election. Therefore, between the 2007 Assembly election and the 2010 United Kingdom general election, the two sets of constituencies, Assembly and Westminster, had differing boundaries.

Three constituency names, Conwy, Caernarfon, and Meirionydd Nant Conwy, have become historic, and the new boundaries define three constituencies with new names: Arfon, Dwyfor Meirionnydd, and Aberconwy. Generally, the new boundaries define each constituency taking account local government ward boundaries, and define constituencies close to equal in terms of the sizes of their electorates.

Unlike Westminster constituencies, Senedd constituencies are grouped into electoral regions, and an additional member system is used to elect four additional Members of the Senedd from each region, in addition to the MSs elected by the constituencies. The Electoral Regions boundaries were based upon the pre-1999 European Parliament constituencies. At each general election of the Senedd, each elector has two votes, one constituency vote and one regional party-list vote. Each constituency elects one Member by the first past the post (single-member district plurality, SMDP) system, and the additional Senedd seats are filled from regional closed party lists, under the D'Hondt method, with constituency results being taken into account, to produce a degree of proportional representation for each region. Altogether, 60 Members are elected from the 40 constituencies and five electoral regions, creating a Senedd of 40 constituency MSs and 20 additional MSs. Every constituent is represented by one constituency Member and four regional Members.

From 2007[编辑]

Constituency Welsh Region
Aberavon Aberafan South Wales West
Aberconwy North Wales
Alyn and Deeside Alun a Glannau Dyfrdwy North Wales
Arfon North Wales
Blaenau Gwent South Wales East
Brecon and Radnorshire Brycheiniog a Sir Faesyfed Mid and West Wales
Bridgend Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr South Wales West
Caerphilly Caerffili South Wales East
Cardiff Central Canol Caerdydd South Wales Central
Cardiff North Gogledd Caerdydd South Wales Central
Cardiff South and Penarth De Caerdydd a Phenarth South Wales Central
Cardiff West Gorllewin Caerdydd South Wales Central
Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Dwyrain Caerfyrddin a Dinefwr Mid and West Wales
Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire Gorllewin Caerfyrddin a De Sir Benfro Mid and West Wales
Ceredigion Mid and West Wales
Clwyd South De Clwyd North Wales
Clwyd West Gorllewin Clwyd North Wales
Cynon Valley Cwm Cynon South Wales Central
Delyn North Wales
Dwyfor Meirionnydd Mid and West Wales
Gower Gŵyr South Wales West
Islwyn South Wales East
Llanelli Mid and West Wales
Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney Merthyr Tudful a Rhymni South Wales East
Monmouth Sir Fynwy South Wales East
Montgomeryshire Sir Drefaldwyn Mid and West Wales
Neath Castell-nedd South Wales West
Newport East Dwyrain Casnewydd South Wales East
Newport West Gorllewin Casnewydd South Wales East
Ogmore Ogwr South Wales West
Pontypridd South Wales Central
Preseli Pembrokeshire Preseli Sir Benfro Mid and West Wales
Rhondda South Wales Central
Swansea East Dwyrain Abertawe South Wales West
Swansea West Gorllewin Abertawe South Wales West
Torfaen South Wales East
Vale of Clwyd Dyffryn Clwyd North Wales
Vale of Glamorgan Bro Morgannwg South Wales Central
Wrexham Wrecsam North Wales
Ynys Môn North Wales


1999 to 2007[编辑]

Constituency Region
Aberavon South Wales West
Alyn and Deeside North Wales
Blaenau Gwent South Wales East
Brecon and Radnorshire Mid and West Wales
Bridgend South Wales West
Caernarfon North Wales
Caerphilly South Wales East
Cardiff Central South Wales Central
Cardiff North South Wales Central
Cardiff South and Penarth South Wales Central
Cardiff West South Wales Central
Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Mid and West Wales
Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire Mid and West Wales
Ceredigion Mid and West Wales
Clwyd South North Wales
Clwyd West North Wales
Conwy North Wales
Cynon Valley South Wales Central
Delyn North Wales
Gower South Wales West
Islwyn South Wales East
Llanelli Mid and West Wales
Meirionnydd Nant Conwy Mid and West Wales
Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney South Wales East
Monmouth South Wales East
Montgomeryshire Mid and West Wales
Neath South Wales West
Newport East South Wales East
Newport West South Wales East
Ogmore South Wales West
Pontypridd South Wales Central
Preseli Pembrokeshire Mid and West Wales
Rhondda South Wales Central
Swansea East South Wales West
Swansea West South Wales West
Torfaen South Wales East
Vale of Clwyd North Wales
Vale of Glamorgan South Wales Central
Wrexham North Wales
Ynys Môn North Wales

References[编辑]

See also[编辑]

External links[编辑]

要求[编辑]

逐粒精選酒最低的葡萄汁重量要求如下:

兩國葡萄酒法均規定製作過程不可使用加糖法。而很多生產者,特別是頂尖的生產者,經常產出超過最低標準的優良酒品,甚至超越優質酒分級下一級貴腐精選酒的最低要求。在德國通常會在瓶頸有金色包裝標籤其頂級酒的身份。

參見[编辑]

參考資料[编辑]

  1. ^ German Wine Institute: Must weights, accessed on May 4, 2008
  2. ^ Wines from Austria: Quality Designations in Detail, accessed on May 4, 2008
  3. ^ Wein-Plus Weinglossar: Mostgewicht, accessed on March 6, 2013