User:Mcdlee/沙盒/主動脈剝離

“主动脉剥离”（英語：aortic dissection）是指主动脉内膜撕裂导致血液通过内膜的破口流入主动脉壁各层之间形成夹层血肿迫使主动脉壁各层分开。，大多數的患者會有突發性胸痛或背痛，常會被形容為撕裂或刀割的感覺， 嘔吐、盜汗 和頭暈 也偶爾會發生。 其他症狀包含其他臟器血液供應不足，例如中風和腸繫膜缺血。 主動脈剝離是一种危险的急性病，即使及时进行积极的治疗，仍然可能因為心肌缺血和主動脈破裂快速致死。 。

主動脈剝離的危險因子有高血壓、會影響血管強度的結締組織疾病 (例如馬凡氏症候群)、二瓣葉型主動脈瓣、之前曾經接受心臟手術。重大創傷、抽煙、使用古柯鹼、懷孕、胸主動脈瘤、動脈炎和高血脂也會提高主動脈剝離的風險。 診斷是基於臨床症狀與醫學影像檢查，包含電腦斷層、磁振造影或心臟超音波。

預防包含控制血壓和Prevention is by blood pressure control and not smoking. The treatment of aortic dissection depends on the part of the aorta involved. Surgery is usually required for dissections that involve the first part of the aorta, while those that do not can typically be treated with blood pressure and heart-rate lowering unless complications result. Surgery may be done either by an opening in the chest or by endovascular aneurysm repair (carried out from inside the blood vessels).

Aortic dissection is relatively rare, occurring at an estimated rate of three per 100,000 people per year. It is more common in males than females. The typical age at diagnosis is 63, with about 10% of cases occurring before 40. Without treatment, about half of people with type A die within three days and about 10% of people with type B die within a month. The first case of aortic dissection described was in the examination of King George II of Great Britain following his death in 1760. Surgery for aortic dissection was introduced in the 1950s by Michael E. DeBakey.

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