用户:Mcdlee/沙盒/主动脉剥离

“主动脉剥离”（英语：aortic dissection）是指主动脉内膜撕裂导致血液通过内膜的破口流入主动脉壁各层之间形成夹层血肿迫使主动脉壁各层分开。，大多数的患者会有突发性胸痛或背痛，常会被形容为撕裂或刀割的感觉， 呕吐、盗汗 和头晕 也偶尔会发生。 其他症状包含其他脏器血液供应不足，例如中风和肠系膜缺血。 主动脉剥离是一种危险的急性病，即使及时进行积极的治疗，仍然可能因为心肌缺血和主动脉破裂快速致死。 。

主动脉剥离的危险因子有高血压、会影响血管强度的结缔组织疾病 (例如马凡氏症候群)、二瓣叶型主动脉瓣、之前曾经接受心脏手术。重大创伤、抽烟、使用古柯碱、怀孕、胸主动脉瘤、动脉炎和高血脂也会提高主动脉剥离的风险。 诊断是基于临床症状与医学影像检查，包含电脑断层、磁振造影或心脏超音波。

预防包含控制血压和Prevention is by blood pressure control and not smoking. The treatment of aortic dissection depends on the part of the aorta involved. Surgery is usually required for dissections that involve the first part of the aorta, while those that do not can typically be treated with blood pressure and heart-rate lowering unless complications result. Surgery may be done either by an opening in the chest or by endovascular aneurysm repair (carried out from inside the blood vessels).

Aortic dissection is relatively rare, occurring at an estimated rate of three per 100,000 people per year. It is more common in males than females. The typical age at diagnosis is 63, with about 10% of cases occurring before 40. Without treatment, about half of people with type A die within three days and about 10% of people with type B die within a month. The first case of aortic dissection described was in the examination of King George II of Great Britain following his death in 1760. Surgery for aortic dissection was introduced in the 1950s by Michael E. DeBakey.

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