User:Park1996/沙盒/安娜米·保罗

维基百科，自由的百科全书
安娜米·保罗
2020年的保罗
加拿大绿党党魁
任期
2020年10月3日—2021年11月14日[1]
前任乔安·罗伯斯（英语：Jo-Ann Roberts） (临时)
继任阿米塔·库特纳 (临时)
个人资料
出生 (1972-11-03) 1972年11月3日（51歲）
加拿大安大略省多伦多
政党加拿大绿党 (至2021年)
配偶马克·弗里曼（1996年结婚）
亲属恩戈齐·保罗（英语：Ngozi Paul）（妹妹）
母校

安娜米·保罗（英語：Annamie Paul，1972年11月3日—）[2]是一位加拿大活动家、律师和曾在2020年至2021年担任加拿大绿党党魁的政客。她是第一位获选担任联邦政党党魁的非洲裔犹太加拿大女性。[a]

保罗创立了加拿大政治领导力中心并于2001年至2005年出任执行主任。她的主要工作方向是在公民参与和国际事务上，包括加拿大驻欧盟使团（英语：Mission of Canada to the European Union）和国际刑事法院检察官办公室的政治事务。[3][4][5][6] 她亦共同创建了巴塞罗那国际公共政策中心（英语：Barcelona International Public Policy Hub）。[7]

保罗于2019年加拿大联邦大选中于多伦多中心选区（英语：Toronto Centre）落选，并在之后的2020加拿大绿党党魁选举（英语：2020 Green Party of Canada leadership election）获选党魁，接任伊丽莎白·梅伊。[5][8]保罗之后于因比尔·门诺（英语：Bill Morneau）辞职所触发的于2020年10月26日举行的2020多伦多中心联邦补选（英语：2020 Toronto Centre federal by-election）中参选，[9]并被自由党候选人马西·依安（英语：Marci Ien）所击败。[10]这使她成为了加拿大于加拿大下议院有席位的政党里唯一一个不是国会议员的党魁。保罗之后决定在2021年加拿大联邦大选中继续参选多伦多中心选区，然而依旧被依安击败。[11][12][13]于2021年6月前绿党国会议员詹尼卡·阿特温（英语：Jenica Atwin）退出绿党并加入自由党之后，保罗的领导力遭到了争议和质疑。

于2021年加拿大联邦大选中，保罗领导下的绿党保持了两个席位，但她仍然在所参选的多伦多中心选区（英语：Toronto Centre）被击败。在大选的一周后，她于2021年9月27日开始了辞任党魁的流程并于2021年11月10日递交辞职书。[14][15]于2021年11月14日，绿党的联邦委员会正式接受了她的辞职申请并确认她已不再是党魁。[1]

背景[编辑]

保罗自很小的时候开始就参与政治。她12岁的时候在安大略省议会，并在其后在加拿大上议院作为议会助理（英语：Page (assistance occupation)）工作。她也之后作为政治中立的实习生参与安大略省议会实习项目。她于1996年先后在进步保守党和自由党的办公室任职。[16][17]她于多伦多朗尼迈德学院（英语：Runnymede Collegiate Institute）完成高中教育，并于之后在渥太华大学获得法学士学位及在普林斯顿大学获得公共事务硕士学位。[18][16][19]她于1998年于安大略省获得律师资格。[20]

保罗是加拿大演员恩戈齐·保罗（英语：恩戈齐·保罗）的姐姐，她亦有一位双胞胎兄弟路德。她和国际人权律师马克·弗里曼结婚。[20]保罗的母亲来自尼维斯岛而她的父亲来自多米尼克。[21]保罗的父亲于2020年5月29日因膀胱感染于一家长期护理机构逝世。[22]保罗于2000年加入了她丈夫的犹太教信仰。[23]她会说英语、法语、加泰罗尼亚语和西班牙语。[6]

社会活动[编辑]

保罗于2001年创立了由绿色回声基金会的奖学金所供款和梅特里基金会所支持的的加拿大政治领导力中心。[24][25]该组织致力于帮助女性、原住民人士和有色人种竞选公职。[20][26] Through the CCPL, Paul ran training sessions across Canada,[27] as well as conferences devoted to participation in elected roles and board appointments.[28][29] Participants in the CCPL's programs went on to achieve those objectives, being appointed and elected to boards and political staff positions.[28]

In 2017, Paul co-founded the Barcelona International Public Policy Hub (BIPP HUB), a social enterprise co-work space designed to be a catalyst for international NGOs working on global challenges.[30][31][32] Aside from providing support, the hub also hosts individual projects including democraciaAbierta, the Spanish language branch of OpenDemocracy,[33] Verificat, a Catalan language news fact-checking service, and the Climate Infrastructure Project.[34]

In 2019, Paul co-created the 1834 Fellowship to train young Black Canadian policy leaders, a project of Operation Black Vote Canada.[35]

Early political career (1996–2020)[编辑]

Paul interned for Liberal MPP Dominic Agostino in 1996, who served as Gerard Kennedy's leadership campaign co-chair. She stated she interned for him to see what a leadership campaign looked like.[36]

Paul with Green Party supporters, several weeks prior to the 2019 Canadian federal election

Paul moved back to Canada from Barcelona in 2019 and won the Green nomination for Toronto Centre in July 2019. She stood in the 2019 federal election as the Green Party candidate in Toronto Centre, where she lost to then-Finance Minister Bill Morneau.[37][38][39] Soon after her nomination, she was appointed to the Green Party's Shadow Cabinet as International Affairs Critic by Elizabeth May, a position she held until February 2020, when she stepped down to enter the leadership race.[40][5]

In March 2020, she was the first candidate registered to run in the race to be the 9th leader of the Green Party of Canada.[41] She called the leadership race, the first one since 2006, an "opportunity for renewal" for the party.[37] Elizabeth May offered to step aside to allow Paul to run in Saanich—Gulf Islands.[42] On September 24, 2020, Paul announced that she had received permission from the Green Party to apply to be a candidate in the October 2020 federal by-election in Toronto Centre.[9]

Leadership of the Green Party of Canada (2020–2021)[编辑]

参见：2020 Green Party of Canada leadership election

On October 3, 2020, Paul was elected leader of the Green Party of Canada, becoming the first Black Canadian and first Jewish woman to be elected leader of a major political party in Canada.[5][43][44][45] She won 54.53 per cent of votes on the final round of voting, defeating runner-up Dimitri Lascaris and six other candidates. Paul has been described as a centrist.[46][47]

On October 26, Paul placed second in the Toronto Centre by-election, increasing her proportion of the vote by just over 25 per cent from the 2019 race.[48] In January 2021, it was reported that Paul had decided to run in an Ontario riding during the next federal election, and was considering Guelph or a Toronto electoral district.[49][12] About two weeks later, it was confirmed that Paul intended to run again in Toronto Centre.[11][13]

Controversy[编辑]

Noah Zatzman statement and subsequent MP floor crossing[编辑]

Controversy erupted soon after a statement was published on the Party website on May 10, 2021 to call for de-escalation of violence in the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis and a return to dialogue; it quoted Paul as urging restraint and calling on those in authority to try to prevent further injury or loss of life.[50] Green MP Jenica Atwin responded with a statement describing Paul's quotation as "totally inadequate"; Atwin mentioned the official Party policy[51] on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict of expecting MPs to oppose illegal settlements and the siege of Gaza.[52]

Paul's senior advisor Noah Zatzman called out several MPs including Atwin in a May 14 Facebook post, calling their statements regarding the crisis "appalling" and antisemitic, and saying,

We will work to defeat you and bring in progressive climate champions who are antifa and pro-LGBT and pro Indigenous sovereignty and Zionists!!!![53][54]

While Party insiders called on Paul to denounce Zatzman's attack, and called on the Party to remove Zatzman from his position, Paul instead described the situation as a "difference of opinion",[55] and also called for "solidarity to condemn anti-Semitism".[56] Other prominent members of the Party, including former leadership candidate Dimitri Lascaris, indicated that criticism of the statement quoting Paul was expressed by Atwin and others because it did not reflect the Party policy, which was adopted in 2016 with over 90% support, and expressed astonishment that Paul did not jump to defend MPs or repudiate Noah Zatzman's remarks, when she herself stated that she does not believe that the MPs are antisemitic.[57]

Atwin subsequently crossed the floor and joined the Liberal Party on June 10, citing lack of support from Paul's leadership after Zatzman's threat to defeat her.[58] Paul disagreed with this account and claimed the events had nothing to do with Zatzman or her;[59] however, the remaining Green MPs, Elizabeth May and Paul Manly, issued a statement stating "Unfortunately, the attack against Ms. Atwin by the Green Party leader's chief spokesperson on May 14th created the conditions that led to this crisis."[60] On June 4, the Green Party executive voted not to renew Zatzman's contract, while the Green Party of Quebec released a statement saying it would be "difficult ... to fully collaborate with Ms. Paul and her staff" after Zatzman's comments.[55] David Suzuki stated that he believes that a strength of the Green Party was that MPs were allowed to express a "diversity of opinion," but Annamie Paul "has totally destroyed that one thing."[61]

Federal council response[编辑]

On June 15, the Green Party launched the process that could remove Paul from leadership on July 15.[62] The federal council passed a motion requiring Paul to denounce Zatzman and support the federal caucus, under threat of a vote of non-confidence on July 20.[63] Paul claimed later in June that the federal council had decided to call off the vote,[64] but in a Party town hall on June 30, interim president Liana Cusmano confirmed that this is not the case.[65]

In July 2021, the Party's interim executive director kicked off a process to review Paul's membership, a process that is automatically triggered under the Party's code of conduct when a member triggers a legal action against the Party.[66]

On July 19, Paul announced in a press conference that the non-confidence vote and membership review would not take place under the currently elected council; the council body is poised to turn over to a newly elected council on August 20.[67] On July 21, the Party and the Green Party of Canada Fund filed an application with the Ontario Superior Court arguing that an arbitrator exceeded authority in setting aside a non-confidence vote and membership review because Paul's contract was not with the Party's federal council, but with the Green Party of Canada Fund.[68] The Party president also disputed a claim by Paul that she cannot speak publicly about why the non-confidence vote and membership review were put on hold.[68]

Accusations of racism, sexism, and antisemitism[编辑]

Paul slammed a letter[69] that was written by several councilors and presented at the June 15 council meeting that initially discussed the non-confidence vote, and stated that the letter included a "list of allegations: allegations that were so racist, so sexist that they were immediately disavowed by both of our MPs as offensive and inflammatory and contrary to party ethics, and I thank our MPs for that".[70] Paul further characterized Justin Trudeau as not being a feminist for what Paul alleges is an undermining of her leadership.[71] Paul also accused Chrystia Freeland of being a "female shield" to the Prime Minister, to which Freeland responded: "I am not a token, nor would I ever accuse another woman politician of being some man's token – that is not how a feminist treats another woman."[72]

Former leadership candidate Dimitri Lascaris criticized the party for having the lowest proportion of racialized candidates in previous elections and for issues with institutional racism existing within the Party; Lascaris further stated that there is also a legitimate critique of Paul's leadership, and that identifying the genuine racism that exists in the Party and distinguishing it from genuine criticism is "a very difficult and painful exercise".[57] Former leadership candidate and astrophysicist Amita Kuttner stated that they have experienced first-hand racism, misogyny, transphobia and homophobia within the Party, and that it's a real challenge for the Party, and also stated that there is legitimate criticism of Paul's leadership and handling of the matter that resulted in Atwin's caucus exit.[57]

On July 20, Paul accused the federal government of antisemitism for not inviting her to an antisemitism summit.[73] The federal government has stated that federal opposition leaders including Paul were invited, but as observers, "to ensure the summit remain a safe space where community members can express their opinions and ideas".[74]

Candidate nomination issues[编辑]

In June 2021, Judy N. Green, co-president of the Green Party of Nova Scotia[75] and 2020 Green Party leadership candidate, stated that a decision was made by Paul and her Chief of Staff to block Party members in the West Nova federal riding from considering Green for nomination in the upcoming federal election;[76] Green was previously nominated as the West Nova candidate in 2019.[77]

On June 19, Lisa Gunderson withdrew from the party nomination contest for the Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke federal riding, stating that "recent events are not consistent with Green values."[78][79]

Party financial issues[编辑]

On July 13, Green Party executives moved to block funding for Paul's Toronto Centre riding campaign, a move that was preceded by layoffs of about half of the Party's staff; a report indicated that Party spending exceeded revenues.[80][81] Hundreds of thousands of dollars are expected to be expended by the Party on legal battles with Paul.[82]

Resignation and departure from the Green Party[编辑]

Paul announced her pending resignation as Green party leader on September 27, 2021.[83]

As Paul's resignation had not taken effect due to prolonged negotiations on a settlement of outstanding financial issues, an automatic leadership vote of all party members commenced in October and was to conclude on November 25, 2021.[84] On November 10, 2021, as voting in the review was ongoing, Paul officially submitted her resignation and also ended her membership within the party.[14][15] Her resignation as leader took effect on November 14, 2021, when it was officially accepted by the party's federal council.[1][85]

In late November 2021, the party released a report indicating that it was threatened with insolvency, and was considering closing its office in Ottawa.[86] The party had lost 499 monthly donors since July 2021, and 6,259 members in the same time.[86] The report blamed negotiations concerning Paul's departure as leader of the party for significant legal costs.[86]

Awards and fellowships[编辑]

Paul is an Action Canada Fellow,[17][87] Echoing Green Fellow,[20] member of the University of Ottawa Common Law Honour Society,[88] alumna of the Government of Canada Recruitment of Policy Leaders Program,[89] and a recipient of the Harry Jerome Award.[90]

Electoral record[编辑]

Template:Canadian federal election, 2021/Toronto Centre Template:Canadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020/Toronto Centre

2020 Green Party of Canada leadership election results by round[91]
Candidate 1st round 2nd round 3rd round 4th round 5th round 6th round 7th round 8th round
Votes cast % Votes cast % Votes cast % Votes cast % Votes cast % Votes cast % Votes cast % Votes cast %
Annamie Paul 6,242 26.14% 6,242 26.16% 6,305 26.24% 6,478 27.23% 6,952 29.44% 7,614 32.52% 8,862 38.52% 12,090 54.53%
Dimitri Lascaris 5,768 24.15% 5,773 24.20% 5,813 24.40% 6,586 27.69% 7,050 29.86% 7,551 32.25% 8,340 36.22% 10,081 45.47%
Courtney Howard 3,285 13.76% 3,285 13.77% 3,348 14.05% 3,404 14.31% 3,762 15.93% 4,523 19.32% 5,824 25.29% Eliminated
Glen Murray 2,745 11.50% 2,746 11.51% 2,821 11.84% 2,846 11.96% 2,992 12.67% 3,725 15.91% Eliminated
David Merner 2,636 11.04% 2,636 11.05% 2,697 11.32% 2,727 11.46% 2,856 12.10% Eliminated
Amita Kuttner 1,468 6.15% 1,470 6.16% 1,486 6.24% 1,748 7.35% Eliminated
Meryam Haddad 1,345 5.63% 1,346 5.64% 1,358 5.70% Eliminated
Andrew West 352 1.47% 356 1.49% Eliminated
None Of The Above 36 0.15% Eliminated
Total 23,877 100% 23,854 100% 23,828 100% 23,788 100% 23,612 100% 23,413 100% 23,026 100% 22,171 100%

Template:Canadian federal election, 2019/Toronto Centre

Notes[编辑]

  1. ^ 薇薇安·巴尔博（法语：Vivian_Barbot）是第一位出任加拿大联邦政党（魁北克人团）党魁的少数族裔和非洲裔人士，然而她是以临时党魁身份被提名出任该项职务，而非获选担任。

References[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ballingall, Alex. Green Party formally accepts Annamie Paul's resignation as leader. Toronto Star. November 15, 2021 [November 15, 2021]. 
  2. ^ Green Party Leadership Race Contender: Annamie Paul. September 11, 2020 [October 1, 2020]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2020）. 
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  4. ^ Meet Annamie, nomination candidate. Toronto Centre Greens. [August 14, 2020]. （原始内容存档于June 24, 2019） （加拿大法语）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Annamie Paul wants to be the first Black-Jewish leader of a Canadian party. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. June 17, 2020 [June 19, 2020]. （原始内容存档于June 18, 2020） （美国英语）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Arnold, Steve. Annamie Paul Seeks to Make History as Green Party Leader. Canadian Jewish Record. June 10, 2020. （原始内容存档于June 25, 2020）. 
  7. ^ Annamie Paul | Profile of Founder | BIPP HUB. BIPP-HUB. [August 14, 2020]. （原始内容存档于June 30, 2020） （美国英语）. 
  8. ^ Thurton, David. Green leadership hopeful wants to become the first black woman to lead a national party. CBC News. June 18, 2020. （原始内容存档于June 26, 2020）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Zimonjic, Peter. Green Party leadership candidate Annamie Paul to run in Toronto Centre by-election. CBC News. September 24, 2020 [September 26, 2020]. （原始内容存档于September 25, 2020）. 
  10. ^ Draaisma, Muriel. Federal Liberals hold onto Toronto Centre, York Centre in byelections. CBC News. October 26, 2020 [October 27, 2020]. （原始内容存档于October 27, 2020）. 
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  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Annamie Paul officially quits as Green leader, will end membership in party. CBC News. 10 November 2021. 
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  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 2003/2004 Fellows. Action Canada. [June 19, 2020]. （原始内容存档于January 27, 2020） （美国英语）. 
  18. ^ Bakka, Sylvia. Economics crash course puts students to test. The Ottawa Citizen. March 24, 1994. ProQuest 239801989. Second-year University of Ottawa law student Annamie Paul ... 
  19. ^ Green leadership hopeful wants to become the first black woman to lead a national party. CBC. [August 12, 2020]. （原始内容存档于August 6, 2020） （美国英语）. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Steed, Judy. Helping minorities gain political clout. Toronto Star. June 25, 2002: E4. ProQuest 438460247,ProQuest 1441576727. 
  21. ^ Helping minorities gain political clout ; Toronto lawyer on crusade to get more people of colour, and women, elected to public office. The Toronto Star. June 25, 2002. 
  22. ^ Paul, Annamie [@AnnamiePaul]. My father died this morning. He was a resident in a long-term care facility in Ontario and we haven't be able to visit him due to #COVID19. His death was avoidable. Full statement: t.co/tYxL3mRa16 1/3 (推文). May 29, 2020 [July 20, 2021]. （原始内容存档于June 11, 2021） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
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  52. ^ Jenica Atwin, MP for Fredericton Députée on Twitter: "It is a totally inadequate statement. Forced Evictions must end! I stand with Palestine and condemn the unthinkable air strikes in Gaza. End Apartheid! #SaveSheikhJarrah… https://t.co/zg2Zj1HfLg". June 12, 2021 [July 18, 2021]. （原始内容存档于June 12, 2021）.  外部链接存在于|title= (帮助)
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