祖熊属
外观
祖熊属 化石时期:
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
目: | 食肉目 Carnivora |
科: | 熊科 Ursidae |
属: | †祖熊属 Ursavus Schlosser, 1899 |
模式种 | |
†Ursavus brevirhinus Hofmann, 1887
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Species[1] | |
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祖熊属(学名:Ursavus)是熊科已灭绝的一个属,生活于2300万至530万年前中新世的北美和欧亚大陆[2][3],是现代熊属生物的祖先[4]。它在2000万年前从亚洲大陆迁徙到北美[5]。
种
[编辑]该属共发现11种,总体来看,其体型小,与现代的狼相似。[4] 黎明熊(U. elmensis)[6]是该属第一个种[7][8]。但后来它和U. depereti一起被划出本属,黎明熊分入安卢熊属(Ballusia),后者则被分入郊熊猫属(Agriarctos)[4]。
2006年7月中国甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县官坊乡槐沟村发现的戴氏祖熊(U. tedfordi)的头骨化石,为世界上首次发现的完整祖熊头骨[1][4]。1985年山东临朐县山旺发现的东方祖熊(U. orientalis)化石保存情况也很好[9]。但有研究者认为东方祖熊其实不属于祖熊属,而是属于安卢熊属[1]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2014, 52 (3): 265–302.
- ^ Kurten, Bjorn. Pleistocene bears of North America I: Genus Tremarctos, spectacled bears. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1966, 115: 1–120.
- ^ Crusafont, M.; Kurten, B. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1976, 144: 1–29.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 古脊椎动物与古人类研究所. 古脊椎所发现现生熊类的最近祖先化石. 中国科学院. 2014-08-04 [2021-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-05).
- ^ Zhanxiang, Qiu. Dispersals of Neogene carnivorans between Asia and North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2003, 279 (279): 18–31. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0018:C>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Derocher, Andrew E.; Ian Stirling. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management. A selection of papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management. February 1989, 8: 189–204 (1990). JSTOR 3872919.
- ^ McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution (PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-15).
- ^ Derocher, A. E.; Lynch, W. Polar Bears: A complete guide to their biology and behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012.
- ^ Yang, Hong; Shipu Yang. The Shanwang fossil biota in eastern China: a Miocene Konservat-Lagerstätte in lacustrine deposits. Lethaia. December 1994, 27 (4): 345–354. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1994.tb01585.x.