里拉琴虫属
里拉琴虫属 化石时期:寒武纪第三期
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左边为钳形里拉琴虫,右边为三叶里拉琴虫 | |
上图为钳形里拉琴虫的附肢,下图为三叶里拉琴虫的附肢 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | †恐虾纲 Dinocaridida |
目: | †放射齿目 Radiodonta |
科: | †抱怪虫科 Amplectobeluidae |
属: | †里拉琴虫属 Lyrarapax Cong et al., 2014 |
模式种 | |
†刺钳里拉琴虫(Lyrarapax unguispinus) Cong, Ma, Hou, Edgecombe & Strausfeld, 2014
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种 | |
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里拉琴虫属(学名:Lyrarapax)是抱怪虫科的一个属。是在中国的云南省的海口市发现刺钳里拉琴虫,[1]澂江市澄江动物群发现三叶里拉琴虫。[2]是种小型奇虾,身体长达 8公分,颈部有明显四节,有一对较短前附肢。一个基部的分节有刀状的(endites)(“前附肢棘”是指腹侧上的棘[3])和有梳状、硬化的刺,在刺的末端比较大。连续的分节排列著大和小的前附肢棘。身体第一个节的扇鳍(flap)比较厚肥,呈桨状,往后的扇鳍变的比较窄。[1][4]且发现比较古老类似节肢动物的眼睛[4]和与宣扬爪虫类似的脑。[5]里拉琴虫占据了当地的顶级捕食者生态位。[6]
命名
[编辑]里拉琴虫属(Lyrarapax)是由λύρα(希腊文)转换成lyra(拉丁文)指整体类似里拉琴的体形;rapax(拉丁文)意旨掠夺者。刺钳里拉琴虫的种小名unguis (拉丁文): 是指钳子; spinus(拉丁文):刺,指有刺、爪状的附属肢体。trilobus(拉丁语):指三叶里拉琴虫身体的三叶形外观。[2]
身体
[编辑]Cong等人在化石标本中找到了小眼和断裂的纤维束,猜测可能是器官的组织或是系统,之后证明为典型的奇虾动物的眼睛结构。[1]
眼睛与脑部
[编辑]从眼睛延伸出来的横束代表视神经。 一对类似的碳点与视网膜位于头部的前正中部分。 基于常见的保存模式及其与原始大脑的连接,这些配对结构被认为是神经系统的一部分。 它们的眼前位置对应于一对眼前附肢的起源,即坚固的、带刺的前附肢。 因此,斑块被解释为与这些附肢相关的一对神经节。现存的真节肢动物缺乏前附肢和前神经节,但有人认为有爪动物拥有一对节段同源的附肢,即所谓的触角或前附肢,与这些附肢相关的神经纤维区域已被Gregory等人确定为神经节 。[4]
眼片
[编辑]眼片(eye sclerite)是指放射齿目的动物中眼睛会在化石发现眼睛里有一片矿化的骨片,除了赫德虾科里的种类,其余的种类都会有。[7]Jianni Liuy在新发现里拉琴虫的化石中发现细长的眼片,[8][9]推断眼片是和眼睛有关具有相似的形状和方向,且形状类似于同科的双肢抱怪虫(Amplectobelua symbrachiata) 、加拿大奇虾(Anomalocaris canadensis)和针鼹虾属(Echidnacaris briggsi,异名:Anomalocaris briggsi)。[7]
分类
[编辑]
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参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages (project). MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2023-10-14]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-01).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Cong, Peiyun; Daley, Allison C.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Hou, Xianguang; Chen, Ailin. Morphology of the radiodontan Lyrarapax from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. Journal of Paleontology. 2016-07, 90 (4) [2023-10-14]. ISSN 0022-3360. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.67. (原始内容存档于2023-11-01).
- ^ Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C.; Butterfield, Nicholas J. First report of paired ventral endites in a hurdiid radiodont. Zoological Letters. 2019-06-11, 5 (1): 18. ISSN 2056-306X. PMC 6560863 . PMID 31210962. doi:10.1186/s40851-019-0132-4 (英语).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Ma, Xiaoya; Strausfeld, Nicholas J. Unlocking the early fossil record of the arthropod central nervous system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2015-12-19, 370 (1684). ISSN 0962-8436. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0038.
- ^ Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Kihm, Ji-Hoon; Woo, Jusun; Park, Changkun; Lee, Won Young; Smith, M. Paul; Harper, David A. T.; Young, Fletcher; Nielsen, Arne T.; Vinther, Jakob. Brain and eyes of Kerygmachela reveal protocerebral ancestry of the panarthropod head. Nature Communications. 2018-03-09, 9 (1). ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03464-w.
- ^ Pates, Stephen; Botting, Joseph P.; McCobb, Lucy M. E.; Muir, Lucy A. A miniature Ordovician hurdiid from Wales demonstrates the adaptability of Radiodonta. Royal Society Open Science. 2020-06, 7 (6) [2023-12-02]. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 7353989 . PMID 32742697. doi:10.1098/rsos.200459. (原始内容存档于2022-10-25) (英语).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Paterson, John R.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; García-Bellido, Diego C. Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology. Science Advances. 2020-12-04, 6 (49). ISSN 2375-2548. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc6721.
- ^ Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.
- ^ Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontanSUPPLEMENTAL TEXT Jianni Liu, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Michael Steiner, Jason A. Dunlop, Degan Shu & John R. Paterson
- ^ Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation. Current Biology. 2022-08, 32 (15). ISSN 0960-9822. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027.
- ^ Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Butterfield, Nicholas J.; Liu, Yu; Boyan, George S.; Hou, Jin-bo; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016-03, 113 (11). ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522434113.