单挫林

单挫林
临床资料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Dantrium; Dantrolen; Dantamacrin
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
给药途径	口服、静脉注射
ATC码	M03CA01 (WHO) ;
药物动力学数据
生物利用度	70%
药物代谢	肝
排泄途径	胆管、肾
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 1-{[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]methylideneamino}; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ;
CAS号	7261-97-4
PubChem CID	2952;
IUPHAR/BPS	4172;
DrugBank	DB01219 ;
ChemSpider	2847 ;
UNII	F64QU97QCR;
KEGG	D02347 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:4317 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201288 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID7022881 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.027.895
化学信息
化学式	C14H10N4O5
摩尔质量	314.26 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
	SMILES [O-][N+](=O)c3ccc(c2oc(C=NN1C(=O)NC(=O)C1)cc2)cc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H10N4O5/c19-13-8-17(14(20)16-13)15-7-11-5-6-12(23-11)9-1-3-10(4-2-9)18(21)22/h1-7H,8H2,(H,16,19,20) ; Key:OZOMQRBLCMDCEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

“单挫林”的各地常用名称
“单挫林”的各地常用名称
中国大陆	丹曲林
台湾	单挫林

单挫林（INN:dantrolene）又称单挫林，是一种突触后肌肉松弛剂，可减轻骨骼肌的收缩。它与雷诺丁受体（ryanodine receptor）RyR1结合^[1]，抑制肌质网钙离子释放而减弱肌肉收缩^[2]^[3]^[4]。单挫林是治疗和预防因全身麻醉而引发的罕见且致命的恶性高热之主要药物。早年恶性高热的死亡率高达70%，使用单挫林其死亡率已低于5%。

单挫林也用于抗精神药物恶性症候群（英语：neuroleptic malignant syndrome）（neuroleptic malignant syndrome，NMS）管理，或是肌肉痉挛（例如中风、截瘫、脑性麻痹、疼痛伴随多发性硬化症）^[5]，或用于2,4-二硝基苯酚中毒时^[6]^[7]^[8]。另外，如达诺杀（英语：Dinoseb）（或称“地乐酚”，一般为杀虫剂、除草剂）、特乐酚等相关化合物^[6]。

截至2015年，美国典型药物治疗费用为100至200美元^[9]；在台湾，该药物一剂的成本为新台币5000元。^[10]

瓶装

Dantrolen（欧洲包装）
Dantrolene Sodium Salt
单挫林的钠盐是橙色结晶固体。

参考文献

^ Lanner JT, Georgiou DK, Joshi AD, et al. Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Nov;2(11):a003996. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003996. Epub 2010 Oct 20. PMID 20961976; PMCID: PMC2964179.
^ Paul-Pletzer K, Yamamoto T, Bhat MB, Ma J, Ikemoto N, Jimenez LS, Morimoto H, Williams PG, Parness J 2002. Identification of a Dantrolene-binding Sequence on the Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor. J Biol Chem 277: 34918–34923
^ Kobylarz D, Noga M, Frydrych A, et al. Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology-Critical Review. Toxics. 2023 Aug 23;11(9):723. doi: 10.3390/toxics11090723. PMID 37755734; PMCID: PMC10534475.
^ Zucchi, R; Ronca-Testoni, S. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel/ryanodine receptor: modulation by endogenous effectors, drugs and disease states.. Pharmacological reviews. March 1997, 49 (1): 1–51. PMID 9085308.
^ Pinder, RM; Brogden, RN; Speight, TM; Avery, GS. Dantrolene sodium: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in spasticity.. Drugs. January 1977, 13 (1): 3–23. PMID 318989. doi:10.2165/00003495-197713010-00002.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Krause T, Gerbershagen MU, Fiege M, Weisshorn R, Wappler F. Dantrolene – a review of its pharmacology, therapeutic use and new developments. Anaesthesia. 2004, 59 (4): 364–73 [2017-09-23]. PMID 15023108. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03658.x. （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）.
^ Kumar S, Barker K, Seger D. Dinitrophenol-Induced Hyperthermia Resolving With Dantrolene Administration. Abstracts of the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology. Clin Toxicol. 2002, 40: 599–673. doi:10.1081/clt-120016859.
^ Barker K, Seger D, Kumar S. Comment on "Pediatric fatality following ingestion of Dinitrophenol: postmortem identification of a 'dietary supplement'". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006, 44 (3): 351. PMID 16749560. doi:10.1080/15563650600584709.
^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 2. ISBN 9781284057560.
^ 白映俞, 刘育志. 麻醉醫師的噩夢─惡性高熱》一個醫師看《麻醉風暴》有感：別為了省錢不顧人命！. 商业周刊. 2015-04-27 [2017-11-04]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）.

外部链接

Swiss Drug Compendium on oral Dantrolene^{[永久失效链接]}（德文）

[1] Lanner JT, Georgiou DK, Joshi AD, et al. Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Nov;2(11):a003996. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003996. Epub 2010 Oct 20. PMID 20961976; PMCID: PMC2964179.

[2] Paul-Pletzer K, Yamamoto T, Bhat MB, Ma J, Ikemoto N, Jimenez LS, Morimoto H, Williams PG, Parness J 2002. Identification of a Dantrolene-binding Sequence on the Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor. J Biol Chem 277: 34918–34923

[3] Kobylarz D, Noga M, Frydrych A, et al. Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology-Critical Review. Toxics. 2023 Aug 23;11(9):723. doi: 10.3390/toxics11090723. PMID 37755734; PMCID: PMC10534475.

[4] Zucchi, R; Ronca-Testoni, S. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel/ryanodine receptor: modulation by endogenous effectors, drugs and disease states.. Pharmacological reviews. March 1997, 49 (1): 1–51. PMID 9085308.

[5] Pinder, RM; Brogden, RN; Speight, TM; Avery, GS. Dantrolene sodium: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in spasticity.. Drugs. January 1977, 13 (1): 3–23. PMID 318989. doi:10.2165/00003495-197713010-00002.

[Krause-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Krause T, Gerbershagen MU, Fiege M, Weisshorn R, Wappler F. Dantrolene – a review of its pharmacology, therapeutic use and new developments. Anaesthesia. 2004, 59 (4): 364–73 [2017-09-23]. PMID 15023108. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03658.x. （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）.

[7] Kumar S, Barker K, Seger D. Dinitrophenol-Induced Hyperthermia Resolving With Dantrolene Administration. Abstracts of the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology. Clin Toxicol. 2002, 40: 599–673. doi:10.1081/clt-120016859.

[pmid16749560-8] Barker K, Seger D, Kumar S. Comment on "Pediatric fatality following ingestion of Dinitrophenol: postmortem identification of a 'dietary supplement'". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006, 44 (3): 351. PMID 16749560. doi:10.1080/15563650600584709.

[Ric2015-9] Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 2. ISBN 9781284057560.

[10] 白映俞, 刘育志. 麻醉醫師的噩夢─惡性高熱》一個醫師看《麻醉風暴》有感：別為了省錢不顧人命！. 商业周刊. 2015-04-27 [2017-11-04]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）.

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